![\"\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u7406\u5927\u9898\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u89c2\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\"](\"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/5bcdb875744bee8407ed351c8e0b2ca5.png\" "\\"\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u7406\u5927\u9898\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u89c2\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u63d2\u56fe\\"")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u6587\u53e4\u8ff9\uff1a\u5723\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u5927\u6559\u5802\u3001\u5723\u745f\u6cd5\u65af\u5927\u6559\u5802\u3001\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u65b0\u6559\u5802\u3001\u5e93\u80af\u970d\u592b\u57ce\u5821\u3001\u7a46\u767b\u57ce\u5821\u3001\u5fb7\u54c8\u5c14\u53e4\u5821\u3001\u7c73\u5fb7\u5c14\u5821\u3001\u9a6c\u5fb7\u7f57\u4e39\u5fae\u7f29\u57ce\u3001\u738b\u5bab\u3001\u7f57\u5bab\u4eba\u6587\u573a\u9986\uff1a\u675c\u838e\u592b\u4eba\u8721\u50cf\u9986\u3001\u68b5\u9ad8\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u3001\u6606\u838e\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u3001\u6d77\u4e8b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u8377\u5170\u65f6\u949f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u5bab\u3001\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u56fd\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u83ab\u91cc\u8328\u7687\u5bb6\u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u3001\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u79d1\u6280\u9986\u73b0\u4ee3\u56ed\u6797\uff1a\u5e93\u80af\u970d\u592b\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u68b5\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u68ee\u6797\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u827e\u592b\u6797\u7ae5\u8bdd\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u963f\u63d0\u65af\u7687\u5bb6\u52a8\u7269\u56ed\u3001\u83b1\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u690d\u7269\u56ed\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\uff1a\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5e26\u3001Pampus\u5c9b<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u7684\u56db\u5927\u56fd\u5b9d\uff1a\u98ce\u8f66\u3001\u6728\u978b\u3001\u5976\u916a\u3001\u90c1\u91d1\u9999\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u98ce\u8f66\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u98ce\u8f66\u539f\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u9996\u521b\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u7740\u6c34\u529b\u5229\u7528\u548c\u78e8\u574a\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5546\u6807\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0a\u5374\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u628a\u8377\u5170\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u897f\u90e8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u90c1\u91d1\u9999\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u90c1\u91d1\u9999\u95fb\u540d\u4e8e\u4e16\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u90c1\u91d1\u9999\u662f\u8377\u5170\u7684\u56fd\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5976\u916a\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u5976\u916a\u3002\u5976\u916a\u4e5f\u50cf\u7ea2\u9152\u4e00\u6837\u5206\u5f00\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u6728\u978b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6728\u978b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u56db\u5b9d\u4e4b\u9996\uff0c\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002\u6728\u978b\u6210\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u7684\u7279\u4ea7\uff0c\u548c\u5149\u7167\u671f\u77ed\u3001\u5730\u52bf\u4f4e\u6d3c\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5168\u5e74\u6674\u597d\u5929\u6c14\u4e0d\u8db370\u5929\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u7231\u9633\u5149\u4e00\u5982\u6240\u7231\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u753b\u5bb6\u68b5\u00b7\u9ad8\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u5411\u65e5\u8475\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a7f\u4e0a\u6566\u5b9e\u7684\u6728\u978b\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6f6e\u6e7f\u7684\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u4e0b\u5730\u5e72\u6d3b\u3001\u5ead\u9662\u52b3\u4f5c\u4e43\u81f3\u5ba4\u5185\u6253\u626b\u90fd\u7a7f\u4e0d\u540c\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u767d\u6768\u6728\u978b\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u7cbe\u660e\u7684\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u628a\u6728\u978b\u5236\u4f5c\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u95e8\u534a\u673a\u68b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u6728\u978b\u4e5f\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u738b\u56fd\uff08\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff1aKoninkrijk der Nederlanden\uff09\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\uff08\u8377\u5170\u8bed\uff1aNederland\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5317\u8377\u5170\u7701\uff08Noord-Holland\uff09\u548c\u5357\u8377\u5170\u7701\uff08Zuid-Holland\uff09\u6700\u4e3a\u51fa\u540d\uff0c\u6545\u53c8\u79f0\u8377\u5170\uff08Holland\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u3001\u963f\u9c81\u5df4\u3001\u5e93\u62c9\u7d22\u548c\u8377\u5c5e\u5723\u9a6c\u4e014\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u56fd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u7684\u590d\u5408\u56fd\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u672c\u571f\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u738b\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u56fd\u9632\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u3001\u56fd\u7c4d\u548c\u5f15\u6e21\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6743\u529b\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5404\u6784\u6210\u56fd\u7686\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u81ea\u6cbb\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001Eext \u57c3\u514b\u65af\u7279<\/p>\n
\u57c3\u514b\u65af\u7279\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u4e1c\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5fb7\u4f26\u7279\u7701\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u8305\u8349\u519c\u820d\u548c\u5f00\u9614\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u6751\u5e84\u3002\u5728\u57c3\u514b\u65af\u7279\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u8212\u9002\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7528\u9910\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u9152\u5e97\u548c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5c0f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\u8fd8\u662f\u5de8\u77f3\u5893\u846c\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u6751\u91cc\u5904\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\u5de8\u578b\u77f3\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9547\u4e0a\u7684Rikus\u9152\u5e97\u4eab\u6709\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u9ad8\u7684\u7f8e\u8a89\uff0c\u623f\u95f4\u4ef7\u683c\u5408\u7406\u5b9e\u60e0\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u852c\u83dc\uff0c\u65e9\u4e0a\u4f9b\u5e94\u5927\u4efd\u91cf\u65e9\u9910\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e13\u4eba\u4e3a\u65c5\u5ba2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u6216\u5f92\u6b65\u65c5\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001Bourtange \u5e03\u5c14\u5766\u8d6b\u57ce<\/p>\n
\u4f4d\u4e8e\u683c\u7f57\u5b81\u6839\u7701\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u5766\u8d6b\u57ce\u662f\u5168\u7403\u516d\u5927\u201c\u661f\u4e4b\u5821\u5792\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6700\u5947\u5999\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u666f\u89c2\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u7a7a\u4fef\u89c6\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u661f\u53f6\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u5c0f\u5de7\u73b2\u73d1\u7684\u5c0f\u57ce\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u6f02\u4eae\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u73af\u7ed5\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e7f\u573a\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u9632\u5fa1\u5de5\u4e8b\u53ef\u4f9b\u6e38\u89c8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57ce\u5185\u6709\u4e24\u5ea7\u6728\u5236\u7684\u53ef\u5f00\u95ed\u7684\u540a\u6865\u3001\u661f\u5f62\u62a4\u57ce\u6cb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u519b\u8425\u548c\u5b98\u5458\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5904\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u5230\u6b64\u80fd\u63a2\u7a76\u65e9\u671f\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u8ff9\u53ca\u5176\u4e45\u8fdc\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e03\u5c14\u5766\u8d6b\u57ce\u73b0\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5438\u5f15\u5fb7\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u524d\u5f80\u6e38\u89c8\u8bf7\u907f\u5f00\u516c\u4f17\u5047\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001Buren \u4f2f\u4f26<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u57ce\u4f2f\u4f26\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u5965\u5170\u6cbb\u4e4b\u57ce\u201d\uff0c\u8d77\u56e0\u662f\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8fd9\u91cc\u548c\u8377\u5170\u738b\u5ba4\u6709\u7740\u5343\u4e1d\u4e07\u7f15\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u56fd\u7236\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5965\u5170\u6cbb-\u62ff\u9a9a\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u57ce\u5468\u56f4\u88ab\u62a4\u57ce\u6cb3\u548c\u57ce\u5899\u73af\u7ed5\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u53e4\u8272\u53e4\u9999\u3001\u5f88\u6709\u60c5\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57ce\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u662f\u7687\u5bb6\u5baa\u5175\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u4fbf\u53c2\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u897f\u5f17\u91cc\u897f\u4e9a\u7fa4\u5c9b<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u7684\u897f\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\u6216\u74e6\u767b\u5c3c\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\u662f\u8377\u5170\u6d77\u5cb8\u7684\u5317\u6d77\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u4e1c\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u5170\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5c06\u5317\u6d77\u4e0e\u6d45\u74e6\u767b\u6d77\u548c\u6f6e\u6ee9\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u5728\u6267\u7167\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f4e\u6f6e\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ce5\u6ee9\u4e0a\u884c\u8d70\u5230\u8fbe\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c9b\u5c7f\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5c9b\u4e0a\u9a91\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u662f\u586b\u6d77\u9020\u5730\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6e38\u5ba2\u53ea\u53bb\u8377\u5170\u7684\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8377\u5170\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u4e4b\u5916\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u3002\u7eb5\u6a2a\u4ea4\u9519\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u548c\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u57ce\u9547\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u56fd\u3002\u5728\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u6709\u4e00\u82f1\u91cc\u957f\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u6c99\u4e18\u548c\u6d77\u6ee9\u3002\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u514b\u80af\u970d\u592b\u82b1\u56ed\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u9c9c\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d<\/p>\n
\u98ce\u8f66\u6210\u4e86\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\u3002200\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\u661f\u7f57\u68cb\u5e03\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u6b65\u4f10\u7684\u8fc8\u8fdb\uff0c \u73b0\u5728\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4ec5\u5269\u4e0b\u5343\u628a\u4e2a\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u8377\u5170\u5404\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u5e02\u9644\u8fd1\u201c\u7ae5\u63d0\u9547\u201d\u7684\u98ce\u8f66\uff0c\u6bcf\u9022\u4e03\u516b\u6708\u7684\u661f\u671f\u516d\u5bf9\u5916\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4e3a\u89c2\u4f17\u8868\u6f14\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8377\u5170\u6709\u540d\u7684\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u65e5\u201d \u3002<\/p>\n
\u201c\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u6cb3\u6d41\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u822a\u8fd0\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e14\u822a\u9053\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5316\u3002 \u8377\u5170\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u57ce\u9547\u4e5f\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u8fd0\u6cb3\u800c\u5efa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57ce\u5e02\u4e0e\u57ce\u5e02\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u65e9\u671f\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\uff0c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u8fd0\u6cb3\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4f11\u95f2\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6269\u5c55\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u628a\u8377\u5170\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u897f\u90e8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u5343\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u56fd\u540d\u53eb\u201c\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u201d\u3002\u201c\u5c3c\u5fb7\u201d\u662f\u4f4e\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u201c\u5170\u201d\u662f\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4f4e\u6d3c\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\u3002\u8377\u5170\u8377\u5170\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u53ea\u9ad8\u51fa\u5317\u6d77\u6d77\u97621\u7c73\uff0c\u8fd1\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\uff0c\u771f\u662f\u540d\u7b26\u5176\u5b9e\u7684\u201c\u5c3c\u5fb7\u5170\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6ca1\u4f4f\u8fc7\u590f\u5929\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u590f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0a\u5317\u56fd\u7684\u8377\u5170\u53bb\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b80\u76f4\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u65b0\u79cb\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6de1\u6de1\u7684\u5929\u8272\uff0c\u5bc2\u5bc2\u7684\u7530\u91ce\uff0c\u706b\u8f66\u8d70\u7740\uff0c\u50cf\u6ca1\u4eba\u7406\u4f1a\u4e00\u822c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5929\u5c3d\u5934\u5904\u5076\u5c14\u770b\u89c1\u4e00\u67b6\u534a\u67b6\u98ce\u8f66\uff0c\u52a8\u4e5f\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u50cf\u5411\u5929\u63f8\u5f00\u7684\u94c1\u624b\u3002\u5728\u745e\u58eb\u8d70\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u52b2\u513f\u7684\u9759\uff1b\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u513f\u7684\u8083\u9759\uff0c\u745e\u58eb\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u745e\u58eb\u5927\u534a\u662f\u5c71\u9053\uff0c\u7a84\u72ed\u7684\uff0c\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u513f\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u5e7f\u539f\uff0c\u6c14\u8c61\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u706b\u8f66\u6e10\u6e10\u8d70\u8fd1\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4e00\u6e9c\u623f\u5b50\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ea2\u7684\u9ec4\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u7070\u7070\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d8a\u663e\u5f97\u9c9c\u660e\u7167\u773c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u5c16\u5c4b\u9876\u539f\u662f\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u5e95\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u5de6\u53f3\u4e24\u8fb9\u8fd1\u5e95\u5904\u5404\u6298\u4e86\u4e00\u6298\uff0c\u4fbf\u591a\u51fa\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u6765\uff1b\u673a\u4f36\u91cc\u900f\u7740\u8001\u5b9e\uff0c\u50cf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u80d6\u5b50\uff0c\u53c8\u50cf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8001\u5934\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u8d39\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u4e4b\u4e8c\u8d39\u7528\u9884\u7b97<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7b7e\u8bc1\u8d39\u7528\u2014\u2014\u7b7e\u8bc1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u7533\u8bf7\u7f51\u7edc\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0d\u7b97\u592a\u8d35\uff0c\u5927\u6982300-500\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u673a\u7968\u8d39\u7528\u2014\u2014\u98de\u673a\u662f\u51fa\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u65fa\u5b63\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53bb\u4ef7\u683c\u8981\u5728700-950\u6b27\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\u5f80\u8fd4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u6de1\u5b63\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u53bb\u5f80\u8fd4\u673a\u7968\u4ef7\u683c\u5728500-700\u6b27\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u62ff\u5230\u66f4\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u673a\u7968\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u8bb0\u5f97\u63d0\u524d\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u770b\u597d\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7279\u60e0\u673a\u7968\u65e5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u8d39\u7528\u2014\u2014\u53bb\u8377\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\u6700\u5934\u75bc\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f4f\u5bbf\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u4f4f\u5bbf\u96be\u627e\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u53c8\u89c9\u5f97\u8d35\uff0c\u4fbf\u5b9c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53c8\u592a\u5dee\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u9884\u5b9a\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u9152\u5e97\u572840-60\u6b27\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u9ad8\u6863\u7684\u661f\u7ea7\u9152\u5e97\u5c31\u572890\u6b27\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e86\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u7a77\u6e38\u7684\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9752\u5e74\u65c5\u793e\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u572820-35\u6b27\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5728\u9884\u5b9a\u9152\u5e97\u4ee5\u524d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u770b\u597d\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u53d6\u6d88\u9884\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u884c\u7a0b\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e0d\u4e86\u90a3\u4e0d\u5c31\u767d\u767d\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u9910\u996e\u8d39\u7528\u2014\u2014\u8377\u5170\u5403\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u597d\u597d\u5403\u4e00\u987f\u8377\u5170\u5927\u9910\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4f60\u7684\u94b1\uff0c\u4e00\u987f\u5927\u9910\u4ef7\u683c\u572890\u6b27\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u662f\u5403\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u8272\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8377\u5170\u83dc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u8d35\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u572840\u6b27\u5de6\u53f3\u5c31\u80fd\u5403\u597d\u4e00\u6574\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8d39\u7528\u2014\u2014\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e58\u5750\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u79df\u91cf\u81ea\u884c\u8f66\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u4e00\u822c\u4e00\u6b211-3\u6b27\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u706b\u8f66\u7968\u7684\u8bdd\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u53bb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7968\u4ef7\u572810-40\u6b27\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
6\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u53ca\u666f\u70b9\u95e8\u7968\u2014\u2014\u8d2d\u7269\u662f\u53bb\u8377\u5170\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u8857\u4e0a\u7433\u7405\u6ee1\u76ee\u90fd\u662f\u4f60\u6ca1\u89c1\u8fc7\u7684\u65b0\u5947\u7269\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u4f30\u8ba1\u51c6\u59071\u4e07-1\u4e075\u5de6\u53f3\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\uff0c\u666f\u70b9\u95e8\u7968\u7684\u8bdd\u4fbf\u5b9c\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u4ef7\u683c\u57287-15\u6b27\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u770b\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u8fd8\u662f\u7ed9\u4f60\u62a5\u56e2\u53bb\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u62a5\u56e2\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f1a\u5c11\u5f88\u591a\u554a\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u4f1a\u5c11\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5f2f\u8def\u4f1a\u7701\u5f88\u591a\u94b1\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8ddf\u56e2\u8d70\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u554a\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u666f\u70b9\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u53bb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u770b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u4e00\u6b21\u8377\u5170\u4e00\u6b21\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e94\u4e07\u5143\u5de6\u53f3<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u8d39\u7528\u8981\u7531\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u5929\u6570\u548c\u51fa\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e0b\u8377\u5170\u65c5\u6e3810\u5929\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5e38\u89c4\u56e2\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5927\u81f4\u8d39\u7528\uff1a15000-20000\u5143 \u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u4ef7\u683c\u8f83\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u6709\u5bfc\u6e38\u8ddf\u968f\uff0c\u51fa\u884c\u65e0\u5fe7\uff0c\u4eba\u591a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u65c5\u884c\u4f53\u9a8c\u5dee\uff0c\u5982\u8d76\u9e2d\u5b50\u4e00\u822c\u8d70\u56fa\u5b9a\u884c\u7a0b\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u9014\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8d2d\u7269\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u81ea\u8d39\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5927\u81f4\u8d39\u7528\uff1a20000-25000\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u65c5\u884c\u4f53\u9a8c\u597d\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u81ea\u7531\u81ea\u5728\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u6cd5\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u66f4\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u9014\u4e2d\u5bb9\u6613\u8ff7\u8def\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5b9a\u5236\u6e38\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5927\u81f4\u8d39\u7528\uff1a30000-35000\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u65c5\u884c\u4f53\u9a8c\u597d\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u6210\u56e2\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3b\u5bfc\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u5168\u7a0b\u4e13\u8f66\u4e13\u5bfc\u5355\u72ec\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u8d2d\u7269\uff0c\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u8d39\u7528\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u8303\u56f4\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u4eba\u591a\u51fa\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5212\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u98ce\u8f66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9020\u578b\u72ec\u7279\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u5170\u51e0\u4e4e\u968f\u5904\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ea\u8981\u53bb\u8fc7\u8377\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u98ce\u8f66\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u53c8\u88ab\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4eb2\u5207\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u4e4b\u56fd\u201d\uff0c\u98ce\u8f66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e5f\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8377\u5170\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u80fd\u89c1\u5230\u72ec\u5177\u4e00\u683c\u7684\u8377\u5170\u98ce\u8f66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u8bf4\u5230\u8377\u5170\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u98ce\u8f66\u6751\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u201c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5824\u9632\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u201c\u5c0f\u5b69\u5824\u9632\u201d\u8ddd\u79bb\u8377\u5170\u7684\u8457\u540d\u57ce\u5e02\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u5927\u7ea615\u516c\u91cc\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u662f\u5357\u8377\u5170\u7701\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u5904\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u95e8\u6237\u2014\u2014\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39<\/p>\n
\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39(Rotterdam)\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6e2f\u53e3\u548c\u8377\u5170\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u83b1\u8335\u6cb3\u3001\u9a6c\u65af\u6cb3\u3001\u65af\u51ef\u5c14\u6cb3\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u201c\u91d1\u4e09\u89d2\u6d32\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u9694\u6d77\u4e0e\u82f1\u4f26\u4e09\u5c9b\u76f8\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u65b9\u5706500\u516c\u91cc\u4ee5\u5185\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u5de5\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u897f\u6b27\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u8d27\u7269\u96c6\u6563\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6709\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u95e8\u6237\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u70bc\u6cb9\u57fa\u5730\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u7801\u5934\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u822a\u8fd0\u67a2\u7ebd\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6e2f\u53e3\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4f17\u591a\u89c2\u5149\u666f\u70b9\u3002\u767b\u4e0a\u9ad8\u8fbe185\u7c73\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u6845\u6746\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u5854\uff0c\u53ef\u9e1f\u77b0\u5168\u5e02\u3002\u8be5\u5854\u5efa\u4e8e1960\u5e74\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fce\u63a5\u5f53\u5e74\u5728\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u82b1\u5c55\u800c\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6765\u6b64\u6d4f\u89c8\u53c2\u89c2\u8005\u903e30\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u5efa\u7b51\u4e5f\u662f\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u548c\u8377\u5170\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u666f\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5854\u8eab32\u7c73\u5904\u662f\u822a\u6d77\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u9648\u5217\u8bb8\u591a\u822a\u6d77\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u5b9e\u7269\u3002100\u7c73\u5904\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cb\u8f6c\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u53ef\u8fb9\u54c1\u5c1d\u4f73\u80b4\uff0c\u8fb9\u89c2\u8d4f\u5468\u56f4\u666f\u81f4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u8377\u5170\u65c5\u6e38\u57ce\u5e02–\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39<\/p>\n
\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u662f\u8377\u5170\u7684\u9996\u90fd,\u9ec4\u91d1\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u539f\u8c8c\u591a\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u6d3b\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u4ea4\u7ec7\u51fa\u201c\u6c34\u90fd\u201d\u98ce\u5149\uff0c\u6797\u7acb\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u56ca\u62ec\u8377\u5170\u6240\u6709\u77e5\u540d\u753b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u53e4\u5178\u97f3\u4e50\u6bbf\u5802—–\u56fd\u5bb6\u97f3\u4e50\u5385\u91cc\u7684\u6f14\u51fa\u66f4\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u9519\u8fc7\u3002\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u663e\u5f97\u53e4\u8001\u800c\u6781\u6709\u5473\u9053\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u5c42\u548c\u56db\u5c42\u7684\u5c0f\u697c\u623f\u88ab\u84dd\u8272\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u548c\u7ea2\u8272\u7cbe\u5fc3\u5730\u88c5\u9970\u7740\uff0c\u53ef\u7231\u5f97\u5c31\u50cf\u5047\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73a9\u5177\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u697c\u623f\u7684\u95e8\uff0c\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u72ed\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ec5\u80fd\u5bb9\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d70\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e4\u65f6\u6b64\u5730\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u7684\u5947\u602a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u95e8\u8d8a\u5927\u4ea4\u7eb3\u7684\u7a0e\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u65e0\u5948\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u53ea\u597d\u5c06\u95e8\u5c3d\u91cf\u505a\u5c0f\uff0c\u5374\u628a\u7a97\u6237\u505a\u5f97\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5bb6\u5177\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u90fd\u4ece\u7a97\u53e3\u540a\u8fd0\u8fdb\u51fa\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u697c\u623f\u7684\u9876\u90e8\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u6570\u4e2a\u4f38\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u94c1\u94a9\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u540a\u8fd0\u7269\u54c1\u6240\u7528\u7684\u7ef3\u7d22\u3002\u5bc6\u5bc6\u7684\u6c34\u9053\u53c8\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u8857\u5df7\u4e00\u5757\u4e00\u5757\u5730\u5206\u5272\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u6d77\u9e25\u5728\u6c34\u9053\u548c\u697c\u623f\u95f4\u98de\u821e\uff0c\u6c34\u91cc\u6709\u89c5\u98df\u7684\u9e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u4eff\u82e5\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57ce\u5e02,\u5176\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe,\u4e5f\u662f\u897f\u6b27\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6d77\u6e2f,\u57ce\u533a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6d77\u5e73\u97621-5\u7c73,\u79f0\u7684\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7”\u6c34\u4e0b\u57ce\u5e02”,\u5168\u9760\u575a\u56fa\u7684\u5824\u575d\u548c\u62bd\u6c34\u673a,\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u57ce\u5e02\u514d\u906d\u6d77\u6c34\u6df9\u6ca1\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u4ee5\u6728\u6869\u6253\u57fa,\u5168\u57ce\u6709\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u6839\u6d82\u7740\u9ed1\u8272\u67cf\u6cb9\u7684\u6728\u6869\u6253\u5165\u5730\u4e0b14-16\u7c73\u7684\u6df1\u5904,\u5982\u738b\u5bab\u5c31\u5efa\u572813659\u6839\u6728\u6869\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e02\u5185\u4e0a\u767e\u6761\u5927\u5c0f\u6c34\u9053\u7eb5\u6a2a\u4ea4\u9519,\u67091000\u591a\u5ea7\u6865\u6881\u5728\u6cb3\u4e0a,\u591a\u6570\u662f\u4eba\u884c\u7684\u77f3\u62f1\u6865\u3002<\/p>\n
\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8fbe\u59c6\u5e7f\u573a\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u5e86\u5178\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3e\u529e\u5730\u3002\u5e7f\u573a\u4e2d\u592e\u77d7\u7acb\u7740\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u7684\u727a\u7272\u8005\u800c\u5efa\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891,\u5bf9\u9762\u662f\u5bcc\u4e3d\u7684\u738b\u5bab,\u8fd9\u91cc\u539f\u6765\u662f\u5e02\u653f\u5385,\u5efa\u4e8e1648-1662\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7687\u5bb6\u4e4b\u90fd–\u6d77\u7259<\/p>\n
\u6d77\u7259\u4f4d\u4e8e\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5317\u6d77\u6cbf\u5cb8\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u57ce\u3002\u516c\u51431248\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e8c\u4e16\u4f2f\u7235\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u6d77\u7259\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u5c45\u6240\uff0c\u5728Biennehof(\u4eca\u5929\u8377\u5170\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e8b\u5802)\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u57ce\u5821\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6d77\u7259\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u2019s-Gravenhage(\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u4fd7\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3aDen Haag\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3aLa Haye, \u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u5219\u79f0\u5b83\u4e3aThe Hague)\uff0c\u610f\u6307[\u4f2f\u7235\u5bb6\u7684\u6811\u7bf1]\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u8377\u5170\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6d77\u7259\u624d\u662f\u8377\u5170\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u3001\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e8b\u5802\u3001\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u3001\u56fd\u9645\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u73b0\u4efb\u5973\u738b\u4e0e\u7687\u5ba4\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5b98\u90b8\u90fd\u8bbe\u5728\u6d77\u7259\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6d77\u7259\u53c8\u6709[\u7687\u5bb6\u4e4b\u90fd]\u7684\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u6d77\u7259\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u7eff\u610f\u76ce\u7136\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u590f\u5b63\u65f6\u5206\uff0c\u6d77\u7259\u96d5\u5851\u5b66\u4f1a\u90fd\u4f1a\u6cbf\u7740 Lange Voorthout\u8857\u9053\uff0c\u9648\u5217\u5404\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u6811\u5217\u4e0e\u8bc9\u8bf4\u7740\u751f\u6d3b\u5404\u79cd\u9762\u50cf\u7684\u96d5\u5851\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u5c0f\u5f84\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u5ea7\u9732\u5929\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u7687\u5bb6\u7684\u96cd\u96c5\u6c14\u8d28\u4e0e\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u5b81\u8c27\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u8ba9\u6d77\u7259\u51e0\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u4e0d\u88ab\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u7e41\u5fd9\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u800c\u6c61\u67d3\u3002\u5979\u6c38\u8fdc\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u6765\u6b64\u53c2\u52a0\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u5546\u5c55\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u60a0\u95f2\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u597d\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u653e\u677e\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e73\u916a\u5c0f\u9547\u2014\u8c6a\u8fbe<\/p>\n
\u8c6a\u8fbe(Gouda)\u4e3a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8377\u5170\u53e4\u8001\u5c0f\u9547\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u9519\u7efc\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u3001\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u5e02\u96c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cb\u5584\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u8c6a\u8fbe\u6709\u5982\u7ae5\u8bdd\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u8c6a\u8fbe\u7684\u5e02\u9547\u5385 (Stadhuis)\u548c\u5927\u6559\u5802(Grotekerk)\u662f\u6700\u5177\u53e4\u8ff9\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e24\u5ea7\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u5e02\u9547\u5385\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u9006\u5230\u897f\u51431450\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u54e5\u5fb7\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u9ad8\u8038\u7684\u5c16\u5854\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u767e\u53f6\u7a97\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u81ea\u9e23\u949f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5176\u7279\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5927\u6559\u5802\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e1485\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559(\u65e7\u6559)\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u56e0\u5927\u706b\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u4e8e1552\u5e74\u91cd\u5efa\u30021578\u5e74William of Orange\u9886\u5bfc\u8377\u5170\u63a8\u7ffb\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7edf\u6cbb\u540e\uff0c\u8c6a\u8fbe\u5927\u6559\u5802\u5373\u6539\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u6559\u5802\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u6559\u5802\u662f\u8377\u5170\u5883\u5185\u6700\u957f\u7684\u6559\u5802(123\u516c\u5c3a\u957f)\uff0c\u5176\u5efa\u7b51\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5728\u4e8e\u5f69\u8272\u7684\u683c\u7a97 (stained-glass)\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u5170\u76f8\u5f53\u73cd\u8d35\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5728\u62e5\u62a4\u65b0\u6559\u7684\u738b\u5ba4\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u6b86\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u6559\u5802\u7684\u683c\u7a97\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u738b\u516c\u8d35\u65cf\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u6240\u6350\u8d60\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9690\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5341\u4e94\u4e16\u7eaa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8c6a\u8fbe\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u6e14\u8d27\u3001\u9152\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u7b49\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u8c6a\u8fbe\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u98ce\u8f66\uff0c\u4ecd\u65e7\u6bcf\u5929\u8fd0\u8f6c\u78be\u78e8\u7389\u7c73\u7c89\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8377\u517060%\u7684\u5976\u916a\u6765\u81ea\u8c6a\u8fbe\uff0c\u6700\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u540c\u8f66\u8f6e\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9ec4\u8272\u5976\u916a(Kaas)\uff0c\u5916\u5934\u8986\u4e00\u5c42\u6807\u660e\u53e3\u5473\u7684\u8584\u8721\uff0c\u4e73\u5473\u91cd\uff0c\u6b64\u79cd\u5976\u916a\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u57286-8\u6708\u524d\u6765\u8c6a\u8fbe\u7684(Market Spuares)\uff0c\u9886\u7565\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f20\u7edf\u5976\u916a\u4ea4\u6613\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u70ed\u95f9\u666f\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b8c\u5168\u9075\u5faa\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5148\u7531\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8001\u9053\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\u4eec\u5224\u522b\u5976\u916a\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5408\u610f\uff0c\u4e70\u5356\u53cc\u65b9\u5c31\u4ee5\u51fb\u638c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bae\u4ef7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4ee5\u51fa\u4ef7\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u5f97\u6807\u3002\u6210\u4ea4\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u6234\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u5e3d\u5b50(\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u516c\u53f8)\u7684\u642c\u5de5\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e00\u7ec4\u4ee5\u77eb\u6377\u719f\u7ec3\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u78c5\u623f\u548c\u5361\u8f66\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u642c\u8fd0\u5976\u916a\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u70ed\u95f9\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8c6a\u8fbe\u81ea\u53e4\u4e5f\u4ee5\u751f\u4ea7\u8721\u70db\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e7412\u670813-23\u65e5\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u4e8c\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u5385\u524d\u7684\u5e7f\u573a\u4f1a\u4e3e\u884c[\u8c6a\u8fbe\u70db\u5149\u665a\u4f1a]\uff0c\u70b9\u71c3\u4e0a\u5343\u652f\u8721\u70db\u7684\u7f8e\u666f\u4e0e\u4f17\u4eba\u56f4\u7740\u5723\u8bde\u6811\u9f50\u5531\u5723\u6b4c\u7684\u666f\u81f4\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eba\u6587\u835f\u8403\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u57ce—\u83b1\u987f<\/p>\n
\u83b1\u987f\u57ce\u5750\u843d\u5728\u8377\u5170\u897f\u90e8\u9760\u6d77\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6709117000\u5c45\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b83\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u8bbe\u65bd\u5341\u5206\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u7f8e\u4e3d\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5e02\u91cc\u6709\u5f88\u591a17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3002\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6709\u8fd0\u6cb3\u7a7f\u8fc7\uff0c\u6cb3\u5cb8\u65c1\u6709\u7ea2\u7816\u94fa\u6210\u7684\u5c0f\u9053\uff0c\u98ce\u666f\u5341\u5206\u79c0\u4e3d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u83b1\u987f\u57ce\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u57ce\uff0c\u670915000\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u548c5000\u540d\u6559\u804c\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u57ce\u91cc\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u5a31\u4e50\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u56fe\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\u5496\u5561\u9986\uff0c\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u6237\u5916\u7684\u5ea7\u4f4d\u548c\u906e\u9633\u4f1e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9910\u5385\u6709\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5f0f\uff0c\u6cf0\u5f0f\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5f0f\uff0c\u5357\u7f8e\u548c\u4e2d\u5f0f\u98df\u54c1\u51fa\u552e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u83b1\u987f\u57ce\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u57ce\u91cc\u67095\u4e2a\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u5c45\u6c11\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u673a\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u5267\uff0c\u821e\u8e48\u548c\u620f\u5267\u8868\u6f14\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u51ed\u6709\u6548\u8bc1\u4ef6\u8d2d\u4e70\u6253\u6298\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n
\u83b1\u987f\u57ce\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5b83\u5750\u843d\u5728\u8377\u5170\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u79bb\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u3001\u9e7f\u7279\u4e39\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u53ea\u9700\u4e0d\u523040\u5206\u949f\u7684\u8f66\u7a0b\uff0c \u79bb\u6d77\u7259\u5750\u8f66\u53ea\u970010\u5206\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u57ce\u5e02\u5468\u8fb9\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u505a\u5404\u79cd\u4f11\u95f2\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u7231\u597d\u4f53\u80b2\u548c\u5065\u8eab\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5341\u5206\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5317\u6d77\uff08North Sea\uff09\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u897f\u8fb9\uff0c\u4ece\u57ce\u91cc\u5230\u6d77\u6ee9\u6709\u76f4\u8fbe\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5317\u8fb9\u6709\u6e56\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u5317\u8fb9\u7684\u5927\u6e56\u5230\u4e86\u51ac\u5b63\u662f\u6e9c\u51b0\u7684\u597d\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. \u8377\u5170\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u89c2\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b \u4eba\u6587\u53e4\u8ff9\uff1a\u5723\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u5927\u6559\u5802\u3001\u5723\u745f\u6cd5\u65af\u5927\u6559\u5802\u3001\u4ee3\u5c14\u592b\u7279\u65b0\u6559\u5802\u3001\u5e93\u80af\u970d\u592b\u57ce\u5821\u3001\u7a46\u767b\u57ce\u5821\u3001 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":98920,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98110"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98110"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98921,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98110\/revisions\/98921"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}