{"id":82771,"date":"2024-05-27T14:34:46","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T06:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/82771.html"},"modified":"2024-05-27T19:56:30","modified_gmt":"2024-05-27T11:56:30","slug":"%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e6%97%85%e6%b8%b8%e5%8c%ba%e8%a7%84%e5%88%92%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b%ef%bc%8c%e6%97%85%e6%b8%b8%e5%8c%ba%e6%99%af%e8%a7%82%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/82771.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6587\u5316\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u6587\u5316\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\"<\/p>\n

1. \u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\u666f\u89c2\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u6307\u7814\u7a76\u666f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u683c\u5c40\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7a7a\u95f4\u683c\u5c40\u3001\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u666f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u666f\u89c2\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u666f\u89c2\u52a8\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e3e\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u660e\u767d\u5e72\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u666f\u89c2\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u7684\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u666f\u89c2\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7f8e\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u4e09\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u5eca\u9053\u3001\u57fa\u8d28\u3001\u6591\u5757\uff0c\u5eca\u9053\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u7684\u4f8b\u5982\u82cf\u5dde\u56ed\u6797\u91cc\u7684\u957f\u5eca\u3001\u9632\u98ce\u6797\u5e26\u7b49\uff0c\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u65c5\u6e38\u5e26\u7684\u6c34\u7cfb\u5eca\u9053\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5eca\u9053\u3001\u751f\u7269\u901a\u9053\u548c\u5404\u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u9053\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6591\u5757\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6591\u5757\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u3001\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u9002\u5408\u7269\u79cd\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u5408\u7406\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u5185\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5927\u91cf\u5c0f\u6591\u5757\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u9020\u6210\u751f\u7269\u751f\u5883\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u4e0e\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fdd\u62a4\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u548c\u5f00\u5c55\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8981\u8003\u8651\u666f\u89c2\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3001\u666f\u89c2\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u666f\u89c2\u53ef\u89c6\u6027\u3001\u6587\u5316\u53e0\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u666f\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7545\u901a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u666f\u89c2\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u5ba2\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u4f11\u61a9\u89c2\u8d4f\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n

2. \u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n

\u6881\u6eaa\u6cb3\u666f\u89c2\u5e26\u6574\u6cbb\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u8d2f\u901a\u6162\u884c\u201c\u4e09\u9053\u201d\u3001\u70b9\u4eae\u6865\u4e0b\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u505c\u8f66\u573a\u5730\u3001\u589e\u8bbe\u9a7f\u7ad9\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u6d77\u7ef5\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b49\u4e3e\u63aa\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u6881\u6eaa\u6cb3\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u989c\u503c\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u6253\u9020\u6c34\u6e05\u5cb8\u79c0\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u4e4b\u6cb3\u201d\u3001\u5e78\u798f\u5b9c\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u6cb3\u201d\u3001\u6d3b\u529b\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u201c\u9b45\u529b\u4e4b\u6cb3\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e02\u6c11\u8425\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u8bd7\u610f\u6816\u5c45\u7684\u4eb2\u6c34\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u98ce\u666f\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u8303\u56f4\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u864e\u4e18\u5468\u8fb9\u5730\u533a\u89c4\u5212\u8303\u56f4\u5317\u8d77\u57ce\u5317\u897f\u8def\uff08312\u56fd\u9053\uff09\uff0c\u5357\u5230\u6caa\u5b81\u94c1\u8def\uff0c\u897f\u81f3\u91d1\u6e7e\u8857\uff08\u82cf\u865e\u5f20\u8fde\u63a5\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u4e1c\u81f3\u5341\u5b57\u6d0b\u6cb3\uff0c\u89c4\u5212\u603b\u7528\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u7ea6335\u516c\u9877\uff08\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u5c71\u5858\u56db\u671f\u7528\u5730\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e8c\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d:<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u7528\u5730\u5e03\u5c40\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5b8c\u5584\u9053\u8def\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u5347\u73af\u5883\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u5bf9\u5c71\u5858\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u8857\u533a\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u8109\u7684\u4f20\u627f\uff0c\u51f8\u663e\u864e\u4e18\u5c71\u98ce\u666f\u540d\u80dc\u533a\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5434\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u80dc\u201d\u4e4b\u6838\u5fc3\u54c1\u724c\uff0c\u6253\u9020\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6587\u5316\u7247\u533a\uff1b\u5efa\u8bbe\u73af\u5883\u4f18\u7f8e\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\uff0c\u96c6\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7efc\u5408\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e09\u3001\u89c4\u6a21:<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u89c4\u5212\u57ce\u5e02\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u9762\u79ef247.28\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u89c4\u5212\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea62.5\u4e07\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u56db\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u7ed3\u6784:<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u89c4\u5212\u786e\u5b9a\u201c\u4e00\u5fc3T\u8f74\u3001\u7fa4\u56ed\u73af\u62b1\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u201c\u4e00\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u6539\u5efa\u7684\u5c71\u524d\u5c71\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5f00\u653e\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u201cT\u8f74\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e1c\u897f\u5411\u5c71\u5858\u6cb3\u6ee8\u6c34\u4f11\u95f2\u8f74\u53ca\u5357\u5317\u5411\u864e\u4e18\u8def\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u8f74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u201c\u7fa4\u56ed\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u533a\uff1b\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u864e\u4e18\u666f\u533a\u6838\u5fc3\u533a\uff1b\u5c71\u5858\u6cb3\u4e1c\u6bb5\u53ca\u897f\u6bb5\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u6e38\u4e50\u533a\uff1b\u57fa\u5730\u897f\u5357\u7684\u5a5a\u5e86\u4ea7\u4e1a\u56ed\u533a\uff1b\u5176\u4f59\u533a\u57df\u7684\u56ed\u6797\u5f0f\u5c45\u4f4f\u793e\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e94\u3001\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u89c4\u5212:<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u89c4\u5212\u5c45\u4f4f\u7528\u5730\u9762\u79ef101.32\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5360\u89c4\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u573041.0%\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\u7528\u5730\u9762\u79ef6.77\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5360\u89c4\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u57302.7%\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u5546\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u8bbe\u65bd\u7528\u5730\u9762\u79ef39.34\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5360\u89c4\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u573015.9%\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u516c\u7528\u8bbe\u65bd\u7528\u57301.70\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5360\u89c4\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u76840.7%\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u9053\u8def\u4e0e\u4ea4\u901a\u8bbe\u65bd\u7528\u573050.25\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5360\u89c4\u5212\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u573020.3%\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u7eff\u5730\u9762\u79ef47.90\u516c\u9877\uff0c\u5360\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u573019.4%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u516d\u3001\u9053\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u89c4\u5212<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u89c4\u5212\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u672c\u91c7\u7528\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u65b9\u683c\u7f51\u201d\u5e03\u5c40\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e72\u9053\u3001\u6b21\u5e72\u9053\u3001\u652f\u8def\u4e09\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e3b\u5e72\u9053\u4ee5\u57ce\u5317\u897f\u8def\uff08312\u56fd\u9053\uff09\u3001\u864e\u961c\u8def\u2014\u6e05\u5858\u8def\u548c\u6850\u6cfe\u8def\u5317\u5ef6\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u4e8c\u6a2a\u4e00\u7eb5\u201d\u7684\u9053\u8def\u7f51\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u6b21\u5e72\u9053\u4e3a\u864e\u91d1\u8def\u3001\u89c2\u666f\u8def\u3001\u864e\u4e18\u8def\u3001\u5e73\u6cb3\u8def\u3001\u5e73\u5ddd\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4e03\u3001\u7eff\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5212<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u864e\u4e18\u5730\u533a\u7eff\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u4e00\u56ed\u591a\u5eca\u201d\u7684\u7eff\u5730\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u65e2\u4ee5\u864e\u4e18\u666f\u533a\u4e3a\u7eff\u5316\u6838\u5fc3\uff1b\u4ee5\u653e\u5c04\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u7eff\u5eca\u3001\u7f51\u72b6\u6c34\u7cfb\u7f16\u7ec7\u800c\u6210\u7684\u7eff\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u672a\u6765\u864e\u4e18\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7eff\u5730\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u98ce\u666f\u540d\u80dc\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u516c\u56ed\uff08\u7efc\u5408\u516c\u56ed\uff09\u3001\u8857\u5934\u7eff\u5730\u3001\u9632\u62a4\u7eff\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7f\u573a\u7528\u5730\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u65c5\u6e38\u5ea6\u5047\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/h2>\n

\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5f88\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u5dee\u522b\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u7b97\u4f5c\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u98ce\u666f\u540d\u80dc\u533a\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u3001\u5ea6\u5047\u533a\u3001\u5e7f\u573a\u3001\u516c\u56ed\u3001\u6ee8\u6c34\u533a\u3001\u6b65\u884c\u8857\u3001\u82b1\u56ed\u3001\u8857\u5934\u7eff\u5730\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u6db5\u76d6\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u79cd\u6811\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5730\u5f62\u3001\u5c0f\u54c1\u3001\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u690d\u7269\u3001\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u89c2\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h2>\n

1.\u5f62\u5bb9\u4eba\u591a\uff1a\u7ad9\u5728\u9ad8\u5904\u5411\u4e0b\u770b\uff0c\u5168\u662f\u4eba\u5934\uff0c\u6570\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u666f\u89c2\u597d\uff1a\u4eba\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u666f\u70b9\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u82b1\u7f8e\u4e0d\u7f8e\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u6b23\u8d4f\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\u3002\u8981\u662f\u4f60\u4e0d\u5acc\u4eba\u6324\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u5fc3\u60c5\u5c31\u597d\uff0c\u770b\u82b1\u5c31\u7f8e\uff01\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4eba\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002 <\/p>\n

6. \u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\u8303\u6587<\/h2>\n

\uff081\uff09\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u56ed\u6797\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ca\u65bd\u5de5\uff0c\u666f\u533a\u5185\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fd0\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u5957\u670d\u52a1\uff1b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7814\u53d1\u3001\u5236\u4f5c\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u9500\u552e\uff1b\u4f1a\u8bae\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

(2) \u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7ecf\u8425\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a\uff1a\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba3\u4f20\u4fc3\u9500\u7b56\u5212\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u5546\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u9500\u552e\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u914d\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u666f\u533a\u6e38\u89c8\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u9879\u76ee\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u56ed\u6797\u7eff\u5316<\/p>\n

7. \u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u666f\u89c2\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u4eab<\/h2>\n

\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6309\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u751f\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5f15 \u8a00<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64, \u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6309\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u751f\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u51c0\u5316\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n

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2.\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/p>\n

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\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08WCED\uff09\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u5411\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff08Our Common Future\uff09\u201d\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u5e03\u4ed1\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\u201d\u62a5\u544a\uff08World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u628a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u540e\u4ee3\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5230\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6539\u5584\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u7b49\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u628a\u4eba\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5728\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff1b\uff087\uff09\u628a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u95ee\u9898\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

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3.\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u628a\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u51c6\u5219\uff08ERP Environment, 1999\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5 (Di Castri\uff0c1995)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u53d1\u5c55 (Oldman, 1995)\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6 Di Castri (1998) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u591f\u786e\u5207\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u957f\u671f\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5730\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u754c\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\uff081\uff09 \u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\uff1b\uff082\uff09 \u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6de1\u6c34\u3001\u6e7f\u5730\u3001\u6f6e\u6c50\u7b49\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u975e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7269\u79cd\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u8005\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u6beb\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u53bb\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1b\uff084 \uff09\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6216\u6f14\u7ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5bf9\u7535\u3001\u706b\u8f66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u8f88\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\uff1b\uff085 \uff09\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\uff086\uff09 \u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Di Castri (1995) \u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u6905\u5b50\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u56db\u6761\u817f\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u817f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4f46\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u817f\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u77ed\u4e9b\u6216\u957f\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u817f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6076\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u5f88\u5feb\u5236\u7ea6\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u548c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u65e2\u7b80\u5355\u53c8\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u514d\u906d\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f88\u5b9e\u9645\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u6865\u6881\u548c\u516c\u8def\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u5145\u9965\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7b51\u5824\u9632\u6d2a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9650\u5236\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6240\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u884c\u5417 (Johnson, 1998)? \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u5f81,\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1,\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u6240\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5373\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u53c8\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u9645\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5265\u593a\u540e\u4ee3\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff081987\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u7269\u7406\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u7532\u5730\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e59\u5730\u91cd\u5efa, \u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u571f\u58e4\u4fb5\u8680\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u9000\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8981\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002UNCED (1992) \u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u68ee\u6797\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6797\u5730\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u548c\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u65e2\u5168\u9762\u53c8\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u7406\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u597d\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u641e\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281992\u5e746\u6708\u5df4\u897f\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u5236\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u300a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bae\u7a0b\u300b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5c06\u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u9053\u5171\u540c\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u5360\u4e16\u754c7% \u7684\u8015\u5730\u517b\u6d3b\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c22% \u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u6001\u548c\u73af\u5883\u627f\u53d7\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece1998\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u5929\u7136\u6797\u7684\u91c7\u4f10\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u884c\u5929\u7136\u6797\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u5065\u5eb7\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u524a\u5f31\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bae\u7a0b\u300b\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6218\u7565\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5373\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u504f\u5411\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5411\u5f3a\u8c03\u6539\u5584\u53d1\u5c55\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u201c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5149\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u7269\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f3a\u8c03\u88ab\u89c2\u5149\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u725b\u4e9a\u83f2(1999)\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5c06\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u63a8\u9500\uff0c\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u628a\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6839\u636e\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u4f7f\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u73af\u5883\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\uff0c \u5c0a\u91cd\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u56fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u4f9d\u636e\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u628a\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7f8e\u666f\uff0c\u9676\u51b6\u60c5\u64cd\u4e5f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u4f11\u95f2\u7684\u65f6\u5c1a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6210\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u6309\u7740Di Castri (1995) \u7684\u6905\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

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