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1\u3001\u94c1\u5237\u5b50\u6e05\u6d17<\/p>\n

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\n

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\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146<\/h2>\n

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1 \u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146<\/p>\n

1.1 \u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8<\/p>\n

\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u5177\u670911a\u7684\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316,\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb,\u628a\u957f\u6c5f\u6c49\u53e3\u7ad9113a\u7684\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6d2a\u6c34\u4f4d\u6309\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a811a\u5468\u671f\u4f4d\u76f8\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217,\u5f97\u5230\u8be5\u7ad9\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6d2a\u6c34\u4f4d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8b66\u6212\u6c34\u4f4d(26.30m)\u7684\u5404\u4f4d\u76f8\u7684\u6b21\u6570(\u88681)\u3002\u4ece\u88681\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230,\u8be5\u7ad9\u8d85\u8fc7\u8b66\u6212\u6c34\u4f4d\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5cf0\u5e74(M\u5e74)\u548c\u8c37\u5e74(m\u5e74)\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u540e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb,\u628a\u6c49\u53e3\u7ad9\u630911a\u5468\u671f\u4f4d\u76f8\u6392\u5217\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6d2a\u6c34\u4f4d\u7ed8\u6210\u56fe1(\u5176\u4e2d=(H-1+2H0+H+1)\/4,\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230,\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd8\u670922a\u7684\u78c1\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316,\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e11a\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8c37\u5e74\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u30021998\u5e74\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb,\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7279\u5927\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u30142\u3015\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5,\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5cf0\u8c37\u5e74\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 \u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591<\/p>\n

\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u8f90\u5c04\u9ad8\u80fd\u8d28\u5b50\u7684\u8000\u6591,\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u6270\u52a8\u5730\u78c1,\u4f7f\u6781\u6da1\u5357\u79fb\u548c\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u526f\u9ad8\u897f\u4f38\u5317\u79fb,\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u6c5b\u671f\u6d2a\u6c34\u30143\u3015\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e,\u7ea6\u670981.3%\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591(\u5cf0\u503c\u8d28\u5b50\u6d41\u91cf\u2265100pfu)\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5185,\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u5730\u533a\u96e8\u91cf\u660e\u663e\u589e\u52a0,\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u6d2a\u6c34\u30021991\u5e74\u6625\u590f\u4e4b\u4ea4,\u65e5\u9762\u4e0a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e24\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u57285\u670813\uff5e18\u65e5,\u51713\u4e2a;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u57285\u670829\u65e5\uff5e6\u670815\u65e5,\u51717\u4e2a,\u5176\u4e2d6\u4e2a\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591\u7684\u5c04\u7535\u7206\u53d1\u5cf0\u503c\u6d41\u91cf\u90fd\u5927\u4e8e14000sfu,\u4e3a\u975e\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u768430\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\u768427\u5929\u548c30\u5929,\u592a\u6e56\u3001\u6dee\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u7279\u5927\u66b4\u96e8\u8fc7\u7a0b,\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u57286\u67089\uff5e17\u65e5,\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u57286\u670828\u65e5\uff5e7\u670813\u65e5,\u4ee5\u81f4\u8be5\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6d2a\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3,\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u9ad8\u8fbe450\u4ebf\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe1 \u6c49\u53e3\u7ad9\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6d2a\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/p>\n

1.3 \u65e5\u98df<\/p>\n

\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u80fd\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u7eac\u5411\u5206\u5e03,\u4f7f\u4e24\u6781\u6210\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6e29\u70ed\u6e90,\u8d64\u9053\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6e29\u70ed\u6e90,\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u65e5\u98df\u4e0e\u6d2a\u6c34\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb,\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65e5\u98df\u53d1\u751f\u65f6,\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u51cf\u5c11,\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u5316,\u4ee5\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u6d2a\u6c34\u30144\u3015\u30021900\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765,\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u65e5\u5168\u98df\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u57281955\u5e746\u670820\u65e5,\u5f53\u65f6\u6076\u52a3\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u4f7f\u539f\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8003\u5bdf\u5de5\u4f5c\u5168\u90e8\u505c\u6b62;\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u57281973\u5e746\u670830\u65e5,\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u5730\u533a\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f02\u5e38\u5929\u6c14\u3002\u5229\u7528\u65e5\u98df\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u5927\u6c5f\u6cb31981\uff5e1987\u5e74\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u9a8c\u6027\u9884\u62a5,\u5176\u9884\u62a5\u6210\u529f\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe84.7%\u3002<\/p>\n

1.4 \u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u98df\u5e74<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9,\u5730\u7403\u53d7\u592a\u9633\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6700\u5927,\u516c\u8f6c\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb,\u65e5\u6708\u98df\u5728\u5e74\u5934\u3001\u5e74\u5c3e\u51fa\u73b0,\u6b64\u79cd\u5e74\u4efd\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u98df\u5e74\u30145\u3015\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u98df\u5e74,\u65e5\u6708\u5f15\u6f6e\u529b\u5f15\u8d77\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u98df\u5e74\u6f6e\u6c50,\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u73b0\u8c61,\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u5730\u7403\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04\u6bd4\u5728\u8fdc\u65e5\u70b9\u591a7%,\u8d64\u9053\u6696\u6d41\u628a\u5438\u6536\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u9ed1\u6f6e\u9001\u81f3\u6211\u56fd\u6cbf\u6d77,\u4e14\u6696\u6d41\u84b8\u53d1\u4e5f\u8f83\u591a,\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u526f\u9ad8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u91cf,\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u6211\u56fd\u6c34\u6587\u6c14\u8c61\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u5316,\u5bfc\u81f4\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u81ea1860\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765,\u957f\u6c5f\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u98df\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u67091860\u30011870\u30011935\u30011945\u30011954\u548c1991\u5e74,\u5176\u4e2d1954\u5e74\u548c1870\u5e74\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u4e3a1860\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6b21\u5927\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

1.5 \u8d85\u65b0\u661f<\/p>\n

\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u662f\u6bd4\u4eae\u65b0\u661f\u66f4\u4e3a\u731b\u70c8\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u7206\u53d1\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u8f90\u5c04\u4e2d\u5149\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u8f83\u9ad8\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u8f90\u5c04\u7a7f\u8d8a\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u65f6,\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u79bb\u589e\u5f3a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e,\u5c06\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6d2a\u6c34,\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u5c06\u6ede\u540e\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u30146\u3015\u3002\u81ea\u516c\u51431500\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765,\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u548c\u63a8\u6d4b\u7684\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc77\u6b21,\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1500a\u65f1\u6d9d\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e,\u5728\u8fd97\u6b21\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u540e,\u6211\u56fd\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6d2a\u6d9d\u671f,\u5176ZZK\u6307\u6570\u5747\u5c0f\u4e8e2.55,\u6ede\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a25\uff5e40a\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

1.6 \u5929\u6587\u5468\u671f<\/p>\n

\u628a\u9ec4\u9053\u9762\u56db\u9897\u4e00\u7b49\u6052\u661f\u5148\u540e\u4e0e\u592a\u9633\u3001\u5730\u7403\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u4e09\u70b9\u4e00\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u5929\u6587\u5947\u70b9\u7684\u592a\u9633\u6295\u5f71\u77ac\u65f6\u4f4d\u76f8,\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5929\u6587\u5468\u671f\u30147\u3015\u3002\u5929\u6587\u5947\u70b9\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6,\u5730\u7403\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u5f15\u6f6e\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c,\u540c\u65f6\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u5316,\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d2a\u6c34\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e,\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u65f1\u6d9d\u6709\u7740\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u76f8\u5173,\u76f8\u5173\u7387\u53ef\u8fbe94%\u3002<\/p>\n

1.7 \u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a\u6307\u5730\u7403\u5355\u72ec\u5904\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7,\u5176\u5b83\u884c\u661f\u90fd\u5728\u592a\u9633\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7,\u4e14\u6700\u5916\u4e24\u9897\u884c\u661f\u7684\u5730\u5fc3\u5f20\u89d2\u4e3a\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u30148\u3015\u3002\u4e5d\u661f\u4e8e\u51ac\u534a\u5e74\u4f1a\u805a\u65f6,\u5730\u7403\u5355\u72ec\u4f4d\u4e8e\u592a\u9633\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7,\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u8d28\u5fc3\u5904\u5728\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411,\u5730\u7403\u7684\u516c\u8f6c\u534a\u5f84\u5fc5\u7136\u52a0\u5927\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u590f\u534a\u5e74,\u5730\u7403\u4e5f\u8fd0\u884c\u5230\u592a\u9633\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7,\u800c\u51e0\u4e2a\u5de8\u884c\u661f(\u6728\u661f\u3001\u571f\u661f\u3001\u5929\u738b\u661f\u548c\u6d77\u738b\u661f)\u8d70\u5f97\u5f88\u6162,\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u8d28\u5fc3\u4ecd\u504f\u5728\u592a\u9633\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fa7,\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u590f\u534a\u5e74\u516c\u8f6c\u534a\u5f84\u7f29\u77ed\u3002\u56e0\u6b64,\u5728\u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a\u4e2d,\u5730\u7403\u7684\u51ac\u534a\u5e74\u5ef6\u957f,\u590f\u534a\u5e74\u7f29\u77ed,\u4ee5\u81f4\u5317\u534a\u7403\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u592a\u9633\u603b\u8f90\u5c04\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a\u7684\u529b\u77e9\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u7d2f\u79ef\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74,\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u51b7\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u76f8\u53cd,\u5982\u679c\u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u590f\u534a\u5e74,\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5317\u534a\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf,\u4ea7\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u6c14\u8c61\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u8fd11000a\u4ee5\u6765,\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df1153\u30011368\u30011870\u548c1981\u5e74\u7684\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a\u7684\u524d\u540e\u9636\u6bb5;\u8fd1500a\u4ee5\u6765,\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u53d1\u751f\u8fc74\u6b21\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34,\u5176\u5e74\u4efd\u662f1482\u30011662\u30011761\u548c1843\u5e74,\u5176\u4e2d\u96641761\u5e74\u4ee5\u5916,\u5176\u5b833\u6b21\u4e5f\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u4e5d\u661f\u4f1a\u805a\u7684\u9644\u8fd1\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n

1.8 \u661f\u9645\u5f15\u529b<\/p>\n

\u5728\u592a\u9633\u3001\u6708\u7403\u548c\u5404\u5927\u884c\u661f\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5f15\u6f6e\u529b\u4e2d,\u6708\u7403\u7684\u5f15\u6f6e\u529b\u6700\u5927,\u592a\u9633\u6b21\u4e4b,\u6728\u661f\u518d\u6b21\u30149\u3015\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f15\u6f6e\u529b\u6570\u503c\u5f88\u5c0f,\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u4f4d\u51fa\u73b0\u51b2\u5408\u65f6,\u5f15\u6f6e\u529b\u5c06\u589e\u5927,\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u6c14\u6f6e\u53d8\u5316,\u6fc0\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u5929\u6c14\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e,\u81ea1153\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765,\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0a\u6e38\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc78\u6b21\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34(1153\u30011560\u30011788\u30011796\u30011860\u30011870\u30011896\u30011954\u5e74),\u96641560\u5e74\u4ee5\u5916,\u5176\u4f597\u6b21\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u5747\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6728\u661f\u5904\u4e8e\u51b2\u5408\u6216\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u65b9\u4f4d\u4e4b\u65f6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f1954\u5e74\u590f\u81f3\u524d\u540e,\u6b63\u503c\u6c34\u661f\u5185\u4f0f,\u706b\u661f\u6b63\u9000,\u571f\u661f\u9000\u6bd5,\u4e09\u4e2a\u661f\u90fd\u9760\u8fd1\u5730\u7403,\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0a,\u4ee5\u81f4\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u767e\u5e74\u672a\u9047\u7684\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

1.9 \u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u662f\u5236\u7ea6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u6c34\u6587\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20,\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6d2a\u6d9d\u603b\u662f\u4e0e\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u5f02\u5e38\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u59821991\u5e74\u526f\u70ed\u5e26\u9ad8\u538b\u5f3a\u5ea6\u504f\u5f3a,\u5e76\u6bd4\u5e38\u5e74\u63d0\u65e9\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u5317\u8df3,\u526f\u9ad8\u810a\u7ebf\u4f4d\u7f6e\u57285\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u5c31\u5230\u8fbe19\u00b0\uff5e20\u00b0N,\u5e76\u4e00\u76f4\u52307\u6708\u4e2d\u65ec\u4ecd\u7ef4\u6301\u572820\u00b0\uff5e26\u00b0N\u4e4b\u95f4;\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6,\u4e9a\u6d32\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u5c71\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u963b\u585e\u9ad8\u538b,\u4f7f\u897f\u4f2f\u5229\u4e9a\u51b7\u7a7a\u6c14\u9891\u7e41\u5357\u4e0b,\u4ee5\u81f4\u51b7\u6696\u7a7a\u6c14\u5728\u6c5f\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u6301\u7eed\u4ea4\u7ee5,\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u957f\u8fbe56d\u7684\u6885\u96e8\u671f\u3002\u8be5\u533a1954\u5e74\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u5f02\u5e38\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c,\u4ee5\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u957f\u8fbe4\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u4e45\u7684\u7531\u8fd120\u6b21\u66b4\u96e8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u66b4\u96e8\u7fa4\u964d\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

1.10 \u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u65cb<\/p>\n

\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u65cb,\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u70ed\u5e26\u98ce\u66b4\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u65cb\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u66b4\u96e8\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u65e5\u96e8\u91cf\u2265200mm\u7684\u7279\u5927\u66b4\u96e8\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u7531\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u65cb\u5f15\u8d77\u7684,\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73b0\u57287\uff5e9\u6708\u3002\u70ed\u5e26\u6c14\u65cb\u5185\u6c34\u6c7d\u5145\u8db3,\u6c14\u6d41\u4e0a\u5347\u5f3a\u70c8,\u9635\u6027\u964d\u6c34\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5927,\u5e38\u9020\u6210\u7279\u5927\u7684\u6d2a\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3,\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u30021994\u5e7417\u53f7\u5f3a\u70ed\u5e26\u98ce\u66b4\u88ad\u51fb\u4e86\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701,\u53d7\u707e\u4eba\u53e3\u8fbe1333\u4e07\u4eba,\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u9ad8\u8fbe144\u4ebf\u5143;1975\u5e743\u53f7\u5f3a\u70ed\u5e26\u98ce\u66b4\u6df1\u5165\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u4e2d\u90e8,\u6797\u5e84\u7ad93d\u6700\u5927\u66b4\u96e8\u91cf\u9ad8\u8fbe1605mm,\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u66b4\u96e8\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n

1.11 \u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6696\u6c60<\/p>\n

\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6696\u6c60\u6307\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4e1c\u5357\u5230\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u6d77\u6e29\u226528\u2103\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e,\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6696\u6c60\u6d77\u6e29\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e,\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6696\u6c60125m\u6df1\u533a\u6d77\u6e29\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4e0e\u6c5f\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u65f1\u6d9d\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u5f53\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6696\u6c60\u7684\u6d77\u6e29\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6,\u4ece\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7ecf\u5357\u6d77\u5230\u4e2d\u5370\u534a\u5c9b\u4e00\u5e26\u5bf9\u6d41\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f31,\u800c\u5728\u65e5\u671f\u53d8\u66f4\u7ebf\u9644\u8fd1\u5bf9\u6d41\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f3a,\u526f\u70ed\u5e26\u9ad8\u538b\u5f3a\u800c\u504f\u5357,\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u6761\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784,\u6c5f\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u56e0\u6b64\u964d\u6c34\u504f\u591a,\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u6d2a\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6c5f\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

1.12 \u524d\u51ac\u6d77\u6e29\u8ddd\u5e73\u573a<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u524d\u51ac(\u5934\u5e7412\u6708\uff5e\u5f53\u5e743\u6708)\u6d77\u6e29\u8ddd\u5e73\u573a\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u6c34\u65f1\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb,\u8868\u660e\u5728\u524d\u51ac\u6d77\u6e29\u8ddd\u5e73\u573a\u4e0a,\u6c34\u65f1\u5e74\u4efd\u4e0d\u540c,\u5f02\u5e38\u524d\u5146\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c,\u5927\u6d9d\u5927\u65f1\u5e74\u4efd\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u524d\u5146\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u301410\u3015\u3002\u82e5\u4ee5N\u8868\u793a\u6d77\u6e29\u6b63\u8ddd\u5e73,L\u8868\u793a\u6d77\u6e29\u8d1f\u8ddd\u5e73,\u90a3\u4e48\u6839\u636e\u5317\u5927\u5e73\u6d0b\u6d77\u6e29\u81ea\u897f\u5411\u4e1c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5,\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u56db\u79cd\u6d77\u6e29\u5f02\u5e38\u578b,\u5373NLNL\u578b(\u504f\u6d9d)LNLN\u578b(\u504f\u65f1)\u3001NL\u578b(\u5927\u6d9d)\u548cLNL\u578b(\u5927\u65f1)\u3002\u59821953\uff5e1954\u5e74\u51ac\u5b63,\u9ed1\u6f6e\u6d77\u57df\u5f3a\u70c8\u589e\u6e29,\u4ece\u897f\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u526f\u70ed\u5e26\u6d0b\u9762\u8d77,\u6cbf\u7740\u6696\u6d41\u65b9\u5411,\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u5747\u4e3a\u6696\u6c34\u533a,\u800c\u4e1c\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u5e7f\u9614\u6d77\u57df\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u4e3a\u51b7\u6c34\u533a(NL\u578b),\u5bf9\u5e94\u76841954\u5e74\u6c5b\u671f,\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u767e\u5e74\u672a\u9047\u7684\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

1.13 ENSO\u73b0\u8c61<\/p>\n

ENSO\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u5357\u65b9\u6d9b\u52a8\u7684\u603b\u79f0,\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u548c\u6d77\u6d0b\u72b6\u51b5\u5f02\u5e38\u90fd\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd,\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u9646\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6d2a\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u8868\u660e,\u4ece1949\uff5e1998\u5e74,\u5df2\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc712\u4e2a\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u5e74,\u800c\u6c5f\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u572810\u4e2a\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u540c\u5e74\u6216\u6b21\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u6d2a\u6c34(\u5305\u62ec1998\u5e74);\u5728\u8fd950a\u4e2d,\u6d59\u6c5f\u91d1\u534e\u7ad9\u5e74\u5f84\u6d41\u91cfW50\u4ebfm3\u7684\u5e74\u4efd\u5171\u670913a,\u5176\u4e2d9\u4e2a\u5e74\u4efd\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u540c\u5e74\u6216\u6b21\u5e74,\u5e76\u4e141954\u5e74\u548c1973\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5f84\u6d41\u91cf\u4e3a\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6b21\u5927\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n

1.14 \u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u901f\u7387<\/p>\n

\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u901f\u7387\u53d8\u5316\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u79cd\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u53d8\u5316,\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u6210\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u301411\u3015\u3002\u5728\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u901f\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u51cf\u6162\u65f6\u671f,\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5239\u8f66\u6548\u5e94\u201d,\u6d77\u6c34\u548c\u5927\u6c14\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5411\u4e1c\u7684\u60ef\u6027\u529b,\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u4e1c\u5411\u897f\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u8d64\u9053\u6d0b\u6d41\u548c\u8d64\u9053\u4fe1\u98ce\u51cf\u5f31\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u6d77\u6c34\u589e\u6696\u7684\u5384\u5c14\u5c3c\u8bfa\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u636e\u7814\u7a76,\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6d2a\u6c34\u5927\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u901f\u7387\u7531\u6162\u53d8\u5feb\u548c\u7531\u5feb\u53d8\u6162\u7684\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u301412\u3015;\u6c5f\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u53d1\u751f\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u76841991\u5e74,\u4e5f\u6b63\u503c\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u901f\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u51cf\u6162\u6bb5\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

1.15 \u5730\u6781\u79fb\u52a8<\/p>\n

\u5730\u7403\u81ea\u8f6c\u8f74\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684,\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u957f\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u53d8\u5316,\u5176\u4e2d6\uff5e7a\u7684\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u663e\u7684\u301413\u3015\u3002\u5728\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b,\u5730\u6781\u79fb\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6d77\u5e73\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53478\uff5e10mm,\u56e0\u800c\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f7f\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5357\u4eac\u3001\u4e5d\u6c5f\u3001\u829c\u6e56\u548c\u6b66\u6c49\u4e94\u7ad95\uff5e8\u6708\u964d\u6c34\u8ddd\u5e73\u67097a\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316;\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u91d1\u534e\u7ad9\u7684\u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6d2a\u6c34\u4f4d\u4e5f\u67096\uff5e7a\u7684\u5468\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a,\u5728\u5730\u6781\u79fb\u52a8\u9ad8\u632f\u5e45\u5e74,\u5927\u6c14\u73af\u6d41\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38,\u4e9a\u6b27\u5927\u90e8\u548c\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e2d\u7eac\u5730\u533a\u7ecf\u5411\u73af\u6d41\u6307\u6570\u589e\u9ad8,\u4e8e\u662f\u897f\u98ce\u6307\u6570\u964d\u4f4e,\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u526f\u70ed\u5e26\u9ad8\u538b\u504f\u5357\u504f\u5f31,\u56e0\u800c\u957f\u6c5f\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u7684\u964d\u6c34\u589e\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

1.16 \u5730\u78c1\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n

\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u6708\u4efd\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u5206\u5e03,\u5176\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570Rz=75\uff5e100\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6,Rz\u503c\u5c06\u51cf\u5c0f\u301414\u3015\u3002\u4ece1990\u5e7411\u6708\u5f00\u59cb,\u6211\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee5\u7696\u5357\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5fbd\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u548c\u6d59\u6c5f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u5730\u78c1\u5f02\u5e38\u533a\u3002\u5230\u4e861991\u5e741\u6708,\u5f02\u5e38\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684Rz\u503c\u4e0b\u964d\u5230-10\u30025\u4e2a\u6708\u540e,\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u7279\u5927\u7684\u6d2a\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5730\u78c1\u5f02\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n

1.17 \u5730\u9707<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u4e92\u76f8\u89e6\u53d1\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u5faa\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb,\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u707e\u5bb3\u7fa4\u53d1\u73b0\u8c61\u301415\u3015\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e,\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8499\u65b0\u7518\u4ea4\u63a5\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f7\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u9707,\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u540e\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u9ec4\u6cb3\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34,\u8fd9\u79cd\u5730\u9707\u4e0e\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u523088%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a,\u5f53\u8499\u65b0\u7518\u4ea4\u63a5\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u5927\u9707\u65f6,\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6784\u9020\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f7f\u5730\u4e0b\u643a\u70ed\u6c34\u6c7d\u6ea2\u5165\u4f4e\u5c42\u5927\u6c14,\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u5927\u6c14\u6c34\u6c7d\u589e\u52a0,\u540c\u65f6\u4f7f\u8fd9\u91cc\u6c14\u538b\u53d8\u4f4e,\u8bf1\u4f7f\u897f\u98ce\u5e26\u4e0a\u7684\u6c34\u6c7d\u5411\u8fd9\u91cc\u8f93\u9001;\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762,\u5927\u9707\u540e\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u4f4e\u538b\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u5438\u5f15\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u51b7\u7a7a\u6c14\u5357\u4e0b\u548c\u897f\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7684\u526f\u9ad8\u897f\u4f38\u5317\u4e0a,\u7531\u6b64\u5728\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u5f62\u6210\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u3002\u56e0\u6b64,\u8499\u65b0\u7518\u4ea4\u63a5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5927\u9707\u6d3b\u52a8\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u9ec4\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u3002<\/p>\n

1.18 \u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1<\/p>\n

\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u53ef\u5f62\u6210\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u5c18\u5e54\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c18\u5e54\u5728\u9ad8\u5c42\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u80fd\u505c\u7559\u6570\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u53cd\u5c04\u548c\u6563\u5c04\u592a\u9633\u8f90\u5c04,\u5728\u5927\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u52301a\u4e4b\u5185,\u76f4\u8fbe\u8f90\u5c04\u53ef\u51cf\u5c1110%\uff5e20%,\u56e0\u6b64\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u53d8\u51b7\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u8d64\u9053\u5730\u533a\u56db\u6b21\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u66fe\u5f15\u8d77\u56db\u5ddd\u6e29\u5ea6\u504f\u4f4e,\u5927\u91cf\u51dd\u7ed3\u6838\u4f7f\u964d\u6c34\u504f\u591a,\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u51fa\u73b0\u6d2a\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5386\u53f2\u6d2a\u6c34\u8d44\u6599\u5206\u6790,\u5728\u706b\u5c71\u7206\u53d1\u540e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74,\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u8f83\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e3a85%,\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u8f83\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e3a79%\u301412\u3015\u3002<\/p>\n

2 \u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n

\u6d2a\u6c34\u662f\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3,\u5b83\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5931\u5360\u5404\u7c7b\u707e\u5bb3\u603b\u635f\u5931\u4e4b\u9996,\u4f46\u6d2a\u6c34\u9884\u62a5\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u56f0\u60d1\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6839\u636e\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6599,\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146,\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6d2a\u6c34\u9884\u62a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6839\u636e\u957f\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c,\u5bf9\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u7684\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5,1995\u5e749\u6708\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6559\u59d4\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u4f5c\u8005\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u8bfe\u9898:\u201c1998\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5de8\u6d2a\u9884\u8b66\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u3002\u5176\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c,\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u30142,16\u3015,\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64,\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u9632\u6d2a\u51cf\u707e\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684,\u53ea\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u8fd8\u5f88\u6709\u9650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5229\u7528\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u8fdb\u884c\u6d2a\u6c34\u9884\u62a5\u65f6,\u5c24\u5176\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u70b9:1\u5bf9\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790,\u56e0\u4e3a\u6d2a\u6c34\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7efc\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c,\u5f53\u7136\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u8d8a\u591a,\u4fe1\u53f7\u8d8a\u5f3a,\u90a3\u4e48\u6d2a\u6c34\u91cf\u7ea7\u8d8a\u5927;2\u5bf9\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u53bb\u4f2a\u5b58\u771f,\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d,\u65e2\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u4fe1\u606f,\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u6d2a\u6c34\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u6df1\u5165,\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u65e0\u7591\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d2a\u6c34\u9884\u62a5\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u53e3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e:<\/p>\n

[1] \u51af\u5229\u534e.\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6d2a\u6c34\u524d\u5146\u7814\u7a76[J].\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u7406,1997,17(3):303\uff5e306.<\/p>\n

[2] \u51af\u5229\u534e.\u9a86\u9ad8\u8fdc.\u957f\u6c5f\u3001\u9ec4\u6dee\u6d41\u57df\u8fd1\u671f\u7279\u5927\u6d2a\u6c34\u9884\u8b66\u548c\u9632\u6d2a\u5f62\u52bf[J].\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u73af\u5883,1997,6(1):82\uff5e85.<\/p>\n

[3] \u5468\u6811\u8363,\u5f90 \u7fa4.\u592a\u9633\u8d28\u5b50\u8000\u6591\u4e0e\u964d\u96e8\u6307\u6570R\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[J].\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66\u62a5,1992,1(3):92\uff5e99.<\/p>\n

[4] \u8d75\u5f97\u79c0.\u8d75\u6587\u6850.\u65e5\u98df\u5f62\u6210\u65f1\u6d9d\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u63a2\u8ba8[J].\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66,1991,6(3):89\uff5e93.<\/p>\n

[5] \u502a\u4eac\u82d1.\u5728\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u4ea4\u98df\u5e74\u6211\u56fd\u6c5f\u6cb3\u6c34\u6587\u6c14\u8c61\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u521d\u63a2[J].\u4eba\u6c11\u957f\u6c5f,1987,(6):47\uff5e51.<\/p>\n

[6] \u865e\u632f\u4e1c.\u8d85\u65b0\u661f\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u65f1\u6d9d\u707e\u5bb3[J].\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66,1989,(4):94\uff5e98.<\/p>\n

[7] \u5f20\u4eba\u6770,\u674e\u8d1e\u5802.\u5929\u6587\u5468\u671f\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u65f1\u6d9d\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8[J].\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66,1988,(1):24\uff5e27.<\/p>\n

[8] \u7533\u66d9\u5149.\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u4e2d\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1994.287\uff5e293.<\/p>\n

[9] \u6e56\u5317\u7701\u77f3\u9996\u6c14\u8c61\u7ad9.\u600e\u6837\u7528\u884c\u661f\u65b9\u4f4d\u6765\u9884\u62a5\u65f1\u6d9d.\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u8fc1\u548c\u8d85\u957f\u671f\u9884\u62a5\u6587\u96c6[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1977.77\uff5e79.<\/p>\n

[10] \u9ec4\u5fe0\u6055,\u738b\u94a6\u6881,\u5321 \u9f50,\u7b49.\u5317\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u548c\u9752\u85cf\u9ad8\u539f\u4e0b\u57ab\u9762\u70ed\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0e\u957f\u6c5f\u6d41\u57df\u6c5b\u671f\u65f1\u6d9d\u5173\u7cfb\u521d\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8.\u89c1;\u6c34\u6587\u9884\u62a5\u8bba\u6587\u9009\u96c6[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u6c34\u5229\u7535\u529b\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1985.184\uff5e186.<\/p>\n

[11] \u4efb\u632f\u7403.\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u5316-\u5730\u7403\u56db\u5927\u5708\u5f02\u5e38\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u5929\u6587\u6210\u56e0[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1990.81\uff5e84.<\/p>\n

[12] \u96f7\u521a\u65ed.\u4ece\u5929\u6587\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u707e\u5bb3\u7fa4\u53d1\u7684\u673a\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u56db\u5ddd\u76c6\u5730\u897f\u90e8\u6d2a\u6c34\u8d8b\u52bf[J].\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u63a2\u7d22,1991,10(4):69\uff5e72.<\/p>\n

[13] \u5f6d\u516c\u70b3,\u9646 \u5dcd.\u6c14\u5019\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7c7b\u81ea\u7136\u56e0\u5b50[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e,1983.64\uff5e120.<\/p>\n

[14] \u66fe\u5c0f\u82f9,\u6797\u4e91\u82b3,\u7eed\u6625\u8363.\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u77ed\u6682\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0e\u707e\u5bb3\u6027\u5929\u6c14\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u521d\u63a2[J].\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66\u62a5,1992,1(2):<\/p>\n

59.<\/p>\n

[15] \u90ed\u589e\u5efa,\u79e6\u4fdd\u71d5.\u9ec4\u6cb3\u5de8\u6d2a\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba[J].\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u5b66\u62a5,1992,1(3):103.<\/p>\n

[16] \u51af\u5229\u534e,\u9a86\u9ad8\u8fdc.\u592a\u9633\u9ed1\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u8fd1\u671f\u5de8\u707e\u9884\u8b66[J].\u9884\u6d4b,1996,15(7):19\uff5e22.<\/p>\n

\u592a\u6e56\u7cef\u79cd\u690d<\/h2>\n

\u592a\u6e56\u7cef\u539f\u540d\u927422\uff0c\u662f\u82cf\u5dde\u5e02\u6c34\u7a3b\u80b2\u79cd\u653b\u5173\u7ec4\u548c\u6c5f\u82cf\u592a\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u519c\u79d1\u62401981\u5e74\u7528\u7965\u6e5624\u548c\u7d2b\u91d1\u7cef\u6742\u4ea4\u540e\u7ecf\u5f02\u5730\u53ca\u6e29\u5ba4\u52a0\u4ee3\u4e8e1984\u5e74\u80b2\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u719f\u665a\u7cef\u54c1\u79cd\u30021988\u5e74\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u592a\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u79cd\u690d\u9762\u79ef\u5df2\u8fbe15\u4e07\u4f59\u4ea9\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u5b89\u5fbd\u7b49\u5730\u5df2\u8bd5\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u3002\u8be5\u54c1\u79cd\u662f\u7cae\u8349\u53cc\u9ad8\u4ea7\u7a33\u4ea7\u3001\u4e14\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5e7f\u7684\u7cef\u7a3b\u65b0\u54c1\u79cd\u30021989\u5e744\u6708\u7ecf\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u54c1\u79cd\u5ba1\u5b9a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5ba1\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u53ef\u5728\u592a\u6e56\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u4e0a\u7b49\u80a5\u529b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f5c\u5355\u5b63\u832c\u53e3\u79cd\u690d\u30021987\u4e001988\u5e74\u53c2\u52a0\u7701\u5355\u665a\u54c1\u79cd\u533a\u57df\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c20\u70b9\u6b21\u5e73\u5747\u4ea9\u4ea7600.9\u516c\u65a4\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u8bd5\u79cd\u4e2d\u593a\u9b41\uff0c\u6bd4\u5bf9\u7167\u6b66\u590d\u7cb3\u9ad88.01%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7279\u5f81\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u690d\u682a\u9ad8100\u5398\u7c73\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u830e\u79c6\u7c97\u58ee\u575a\u97e7\uff0c\u53f6\u9798\u5305\u8282\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u90e86\u4e007\u4e2a\u8282\u95f4\uff0c\u682a\u578b\u8f83\u7d27\u51d1\u3002\u4f5c\u5355\u5b63\u665a\u7a3b\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u603b\u53f6\u9f84\u4e3a17\u4e0018\u7247\u53f6\uff0c\u53f6\u8272\u9752\u7eff\uff0c\u53f6\u7247\u4e2d\u5bbd\u633a\u76f4\uff0c\u7e41\u8302\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u751f\u957f\u9752\u79c0\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u9636\u6bb5\u4ecd\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u7eff\u53f6\u6570\u3002\u5206\u8616\u529b\u4e2d\u7b49\u504f\u5f3a\uff0c\u6210\u7a57\u7387\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u7a57\u5927\u7c92\u591a\u7c92\u91cd\uff0c\u7a57\u3001\u7c92\u3001\u91cd\u4e09\u8005\u8f83\u534f\u8c03;\u4f5c\u5355\u5b63\u683d\u57f9\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6bcf\u4ea923\u4e0027\u4e07\u6709\u6548\u7a57\uff0c\u6210\u7a57\u738770%\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u7a57100\u4e00110\u7c92\uff0c\u7c92\u4e2d\u5bc6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5b9e\u738790%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u8f6c\u8272\u5747\u5300\uff0c\u719f\u76f8\u597d\uff0c\u5343\u7c92\u91cd27\u4e0028\u514b\uff0c\u8c37\u7c92\u692d\u5706\uff0c\u8f83\u6613\u8131\u7c92\u3002\u5168\u751f\u80b2\u671f162\u5929\u3002\u7ecf\u4eba\u5de5\u63a5\u79cd\u767d\u53f6\u67af\u75c5\u9274\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9ks\u4e001\u4e0021\u83cc\u7cfb\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6297\u7ea7\uff0c\u5bf9\u6d59173\u3001js49\u4e006\u3001ks\u4e006\u4e006\u4e09\u4e2a\u83cc\u7cfb\u4e3a\u6297\u7ea7\uff0c\u8010\u6761\u7ea7\u53f6\u67af\u75c5\u548c\u7ec6\u83cc\u6027\u57fa\u8150\u75c5\uff0c\u4e2d\u611f\u7eb9\u67af\u75c5\uff0c\u8f7b\u611f\u7a3b\u761f\u75c5\uff0c\u6709\u7a3b\u66f2\u75c5\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8010\u80a5\u6297\u5012\u6027\u8f83\u5f3a\u3002\u592a\u6e56\u7cef\u7c73\u7c92\u5706\u539a\u4e73\u767d\uff0c\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u9002\u53e3\u6027\u597d\uff0c\u7ecf\u54c1\u507f\u9274\u5b9a\uff0c\u98df\u5473\u5747\u597d\u4e8e84\u4e0084\u7cef\u300183\u4e0025\u7cef\u548c\u7d2b\u91d1\u7cef\u3002\u51fa\u7cd9\u738782.2%\uff0c\u51fa\u7cbe\u738775%\uff0c\u76f4\u94fe\u6dc0\u7c89\u542b\u91cf\u65e0\uff0c\u80f6\u7a20\u5ea6120\uff0c\u7cca\u5316\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u683d\u57f9\u8981\u70b9\uff1a1\u3001\u9002\u671f\u65e9\u64ad\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u9002\u9f84\u58ee\u79e7\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5e94\u57285\u670815\u4e0020\u65e5\u64ad\u79cd\uff0c6\u670820\u65e5\u524d\u540e\u79fb\u683d\uff0c\u79e7\u9f8430\u5929\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8981\u6c42\u7cbe\u6574\u79e7\u7530\uff0c\u6bcf\u4ea9\u64ad\u91cf40\u516c\u65a4\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u79e7\u7530\u8981\u65bd\u8db3\u57fa\u80a5\uff0c\u65bd\u597d\u65ad\u5976\u80a5\u548c\u8d77\u8eab\u80a5\uff0c\u4ea6\u505a\u597d\u79e7\u7530\u6c34\u6d46\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u75c5\u866b\u9632\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u57f9\u80b2\u6210\u53f6\u9f846.5\u5f20\uff0c.\u830e\u7c970.5\u5398\u7c73\uff0c\u5355\u682a\u5e26\u534a\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5206\u8616\u7684\u58ee\u79e7\u30022\u3001\u9002\u5f53\u5bc6\u690d\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65e9\u53d1\u3002\u672c\u7530\u8981\u5c0f\u68f5\u5bc6\u690d\uff0c\u683d\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u82d7\uff0c\u79e7\u82d7\u8fd4\u9752\u540e\u968f\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u80a5\u4fc3\u6c34\u8c03\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65e9\u53d1\u589e\u8616\u3002\u4ea9\u683d12\u4e0014\u4e07\u57fa\u672c\u82d7\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u683d\u540e15\u4e0020\u5929\u5373\u8fbe\u7a57\u82d723\u4e0027\u4e07\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u8616\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u572835\u4e0040\u4e07\u4e4b\u95f4\u30023\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b79\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u7528\u80a5\u3002\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u5728\u65bd\u8db3\u57fa\u80a5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u65e9\u65bd\u91cd\u65bd\u4fc3\u8616\u80a5\uff0c\u4e2d\u671f\u770b\u82d7\u9002\u91cf\u65bd\u597d\u58ee\u79c6\u80a5\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u9002\u65f6\u8865\u8db3\u957f\u7a57\u80a5\uff0c\u5927\u7530\u603b\u7528\u80a5\u91cf\u4ee512~14\u516c\u65a4\u7eaf\u6c2e\u4e3a\u5b9c\uff0c\u524d\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u540e\u671f\u7684\u7528\u80a5\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7ea6\u4e3a7:1.5:1.5\uff0c\u540e\u671f\u957f\u7a57\u80a5\u5e94\u4ee5\u4fc3\u82b1\u80a5\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4fc3\u4fdd\u517c\u987e\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u8fdf\u81f38\u670815\u65e5\u524d\u7ed3\u675f\u65bd\u80a5\uff0c\u5207\u5fcc\u540e\u671f\u80a5\u6599\u65bd\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u8fc7\u8fdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u8d2a\u9752\u8fdf\u719f\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u704c\u6d46\u7ed3\u5b9e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u8981\u7ba1\u597d\u6c34\u6d46\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u75c5\u866b\u9632\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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