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\u672c\u6587\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u90e8\u4e66\u7c4d\u5168\u6587\u4e2d\u5206\u522b\u68c0\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u5305\u542b\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u5b57\u3001\u201c\u541b\u201d\u5b57\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bed\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bed\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u8868\u8ff0\u5b8c\u6574\u610f\u601d\u7684\u610f\u7fa456\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u6bb5\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u5b57\u4e3a\u901a\u5047\u5b57\u6216\u8005\u8bed\u6c14\u52a9\u8bcd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c57\u6392\u9664\u6240\u6709\u201c\u541b\u201d\u6307\u6d89\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u6307\u4ee3\u67d0\u4f4d\u7279\u5b9a\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u300258\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9648\u8ff0\u5177\u4f53\u8a00\u884c\u4eea\u5f0f\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u4e0e\u672c\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u7c7b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u4e88\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u6837\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\u5982\u88681\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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\u4ee5\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5728\u6c11\u672c\u8d24\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u541b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5173\u8054\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u51ed\u501f\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u201c\u541b\u201d\u7684\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u6c11\u672c\u8d24\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6-\u6c11\u4f17\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u653f\u6cbb\u4f26\u7406\u63d0\u5021\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u600e\u6837\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u7684\u5171\u73b0\u5173\u7cfb\u56fe\u8c31\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u6c11\u672c\u8d24\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4f55\u5f02\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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\u2003\u2003*\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u91cd\u5927\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u4ee3\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u89c6\u91ce\u4e0b\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u751f\u4ee3\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff08\u9879\u76ee\u7f16\u53f7\uff1a19ZDA145\uff09\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u6210\u679c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u83b7\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66-\u91d1\u5149\u96c6\u56e2\u601d\u60f3\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u3010\u6ce8\u91ca\u3011<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2460Margaret Levi and Laura Stoker, \u201cPolitical Trust and Trustworthiness,\u201d Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 3, Iss. 1 (2000), pp. 475-507.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2461Pippa Norris (ed.), Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Government, Oxford University Press, 1999.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2462\u9664\u4e86\u963f\u5c14\u8499\u5fb7\uff08Gabriel A. Almond\uff09\u548c\u7ef4\u5df4\uff08Sidney Verba\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u300a\u516c\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u5982\u666e\u7279\u5357\uff08Robert D. Putnam\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4f7f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8d77\u6765\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\uff08Ronald Inglehart\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8f6c\u79fb\u300b\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e0e\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u300b\u7b49\uff0c\u5747\u4f53\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Gabriel A. Almond &amp; Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations, Princeton University Press, 1963; Robert D. Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press, 1994; Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society, Princeton University Press, 1990; Ronald Inglehart, Modernization and Postmodernization:Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 societies, Princeton University Press, 1997\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2463\u7531\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u4f0a\u65af\u987f\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u652f\u6301\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1David Easton, \u201cA Re-Assessment of the Concept of Political Support,\u201d British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 5, Iss. 4 (1975), pp. 435-457\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2464\u5b8b\u5c11\u9e4f\u3001\u9ebb\u5b9d\u658c\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u884c\u653f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2465\u66f9\u6c9b\u9716\uff1a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u2014\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u89c6\u89d2\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d66\u4e1c\u5e72\u90e8\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff1b\uff3b\u82f1\uff3d\u5409\u767b\u65af\u00b7\u5b89\u4e1c\u5c3c\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e0e\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u8d75\u65ed\u4e1c\u3001\u65b9\u6587\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u00b7\u8bfb\u4e66\u00b7\u65b0\u77e5\u4e09\u8054\u4e66\u5e971998\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c21\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2466Margaret Levi and Laura Stoker, \u201cPolitical Trust and Trustworthiness\u201d; James S. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge, MA\uff1aHarvard University Press, 1990, pp. 99-101.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2467 \u82f1\u683c\u5c14\u54c8\u7279\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u5e94\u5f53\u8981\u6c42\u9009\u6c11\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4f7f\u653f\u5e9c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u5fc3\u56de\u5e94\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Ronald Inglehart, Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2468 \u5173\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6-\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u6f58\u7ef4\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u91cd\u5927\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u603b\u7b2c17\u8f91\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99862019\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2469 \u6709\u5173\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u5065\u6c60\u3001\u738b\u6b63\u7eea\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u53f2\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u601d\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u590d\u65e6\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09\u300b2021\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 11\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5f02\u5316\u6216\u6a21\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a\u718a\u5f7c\u7279\u5f0f\u7684\u5168\u4f53\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9009\u4e3e\u8fd9\u4e00\u6280\u672f\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u5316\uff08\u795e\u5723\u5316\uff09\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u6768\u5149\u658c\uff1a\u300a\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6ee5\u7528\u4e0e\u91cd\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b2016\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u201d\u5236\u5ea6\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6027\u201d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Tongdong Bai, Against Political Equality\uff1aThe Confucian Case, Princeton University Press, 2019\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 12\uff3b\u82f1\uff3d\u674e\u7ea6\u745f\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6ef4\u5b9a\uff1a\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u5f20\u535c\u5929\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99862016\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c191\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 13\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff1a\u300a\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u80fd\u5426\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u5b58\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u6768\u56fd\u67a2\uff08\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2013\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c80\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 14\u652f\u6301\u672c\u6587\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201d\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u53ef\u8c13\u6d69\u5982\u70df\u6d77\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6216\u793e\u79d1\u754c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u54c1\u5305\u62ec\u8d75\u9f0e\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u5112\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bb6\u300b\uff08Dingxin Zhao, Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History, Oxford University Press\uff0c2015\uff09\uff0c\u767d\u5f64\u4e1c\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5e73\u7b49\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u300b\uff08Tongdong Bai, Against Political Equality: The Confucian Case\uff09\uff0c\u6f58\u7ef4\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u89e3\u8bfb\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u768460\u5e74\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 15\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u7528\u201c\u8bb2\u4ec1\u7231\u3001\u91cd\u6c11\u672c\u3001\u5b88\u8bda\u4fe1\u3001\u5d07\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u5c1a\u548c\u5408\u3001\u6c42\u5927\u540c\u201d\u6982\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u66fe\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u5408\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7684\u6c11\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u97e9\u9707\u3001\u7ae0\u4f1f\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2017\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u800c\u201c\u5fb7\u624d\u517c\u5907\u3001\u9009\u8d24\u4efb\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u8d24\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u4e5f\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6267\u653f\u515a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u51b3\u8bae\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u575a\u6301\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5236\u5ea6 \u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u82e5\u5e72\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7f51\uff0chttp:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/2019-11\/05\/content_5449023.htm\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 16Dingxin Zhao, The Confucian-Legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 17\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u8bba\u8ff0\u6709\u201c\u6c11\u60df\u90a6\u672c\uff0c\u672c\u56fa\u90a6\u5b81\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u00b7\u4e94\u5b50\u4e4b\u6b4c\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u5c0a\u8d24\u4f7f\u80fd\uff0c\u4fca\u6770\u5728\u4f4d\uff0c\u5219\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u58eb\u7686\u60a6\u800c\u613f\u7acb\u4e8e\u5176\u671d\u77e3\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 18\u539f\u6587\u201c\u4e3a\u56fd\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u98df\u6709\u52b3\u800c\u7984\u6709\u529f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6709\u80fd\u800c\u8d4f\u5fc5\u884c\u3001\u7f5a\u5fc5\u5f53\u201d\uff0c\u8bed\u51fa\u5218\u5411\u300a\u8bf4\u82d1\u00b7\u653f\u7406\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 19\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u201d\uff08legitimacy\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bd1\u6cd5\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u6f58\u7ef4\uff1a\u300a\u897f\u6765\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u91cd\u5927\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u89e3\u300b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u653f\u4f53\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Daniel A. Bell, The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy, Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2015, pp. 144-146\uff1b\u767d\u5f64\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u4e3b\u6743\u5728\u6c11\uff0c\u6cbb\u6743\u5728\u8d24\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u54f2\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 20\u767d\u5f64\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u65e7\u90a6\u65b0\u547d\uff1a\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u897f\u53c2\u7167\u4e0b\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2009\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c177\u9875\uff1b\u6f58\u7ef4\uff1a\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u534e\u4f53\u5236\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u89e3\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u6f58\u7ef4\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u89e3\u8bfb\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u768460\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9875\uff1bDaniel A. Bell, The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy, p. 143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>21Daniel A. Bell, The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy, p. 6; Daniel A. Bell and Wang Pei, Just Hierarchy: Why Social Hierarchies Matter in China and the Rest of the World,<\/p>\n<p>Princeton University Press, 2020; Tongdong Bai, Against Political Equality: The Confucian Case.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 22\u767d\u5f64\u4e1c\uff1a\u300a\u4e3b\u6743\u5728\u6c11\uff0c\u6cbb\u6743\u5728\u8d24\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6df7\u5408\u653f\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 23\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 24\u201c\u52b3\u5fc3\u8005\u6cbb\u4eba\uff0c\u52b3\u529b\u8005\u6cbb\u4e8e\u4eba\u3002\u6cbb\u4e8e\u4eba\u8005\u98df\u4eba\uff0c\u6cbb\u4eba\u8005\u98df\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u901a\u4e49\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0a\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 25Tongdong Bai, Against Political Equality: The Confucian Case.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 26Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism: A Political Philosophy for Modern Times, Princeton University Press, 2014, pp. 193-194\uff1b\u82cf\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u56fd\u5baa\u5236\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6784\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2018\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c437\u3001446\u9875\uff1b\u5f20\u5e08\u4f1f\uff1a\u300a\u89c6\u57df\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0e\u6982\u5ff5\u8f6c\u6362\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u89c6\u57df\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u8d24\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u884c\u653f\u8bba\u575b\u300b2019\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 27\u5218\u6cfd\u534e\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u901a\u53f2\u00b7\u7efc\u8bba\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2014\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c330\u2014331\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 28\u82cf\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u56fd\u5baa\u5236\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6784\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c116\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 29\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u54c0\u516c\u95ee\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 30\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 31\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\uff0c\u4ec1\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5dee\u7b49\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5112\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8840\u7f18\u4eb2\u758f\u53ca\u793c\u6cd5\u5c0a\u5351\u800c\u5dee\u5f02\u5316\u5730\u5206\u914d\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5c45\u4e8e\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u8868\u5bb6\u5ead\u81f3\u4eb2\u7684\u7236\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u541b\uff0c\u541b\u7236\u7406\u5e94\u4eab\u53d7\u5b50\u6c11\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7231\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 32\u6f58\u7ef4\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u89e3\u8bfb\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u768460\u5e74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 33\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u9633\u8d27\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 34\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u672c\u5728\u56fd\uff0c\u56fd\u4e4b\u672c\u5728\u5bb6\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e4b\u672c\u5728\u8eab\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u6709\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\u89c1\u82cf\u529b\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u56fd\u5baa\u5236\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6784\u6210\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c112\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 35\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 36\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u536b\u7075\u516c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 37\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u5206\u6790\u89c1\u6f58\u7ef4\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u89e3\u8bfb\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u768460\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c38\u9875\u3002\u6f58\u7ef4\u5c06\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u56fd\u5bb6\u6a21\u5f0f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 38\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u7ecf\u89e3\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 39\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 40\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u5236\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 41\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 42\u8d1d\u6de1\u5b81\u3001\u674e\u626c\u7709\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u201c\u4e9a\u6d32\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u201d\u5230\u201c\u8d24\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u6587\u53f2\u54f2\u300b2013\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 43\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5baa\u95ee\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 44\u201c\u552f\u5927\u4eba\u4e3a\u80fd\u683c\u541b\u5fc3\u4e4b\u975e\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 45\u201c\u5b50\u8def\u95ee\u4e8b\u541b\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u52ff\u6b3a\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u72af\u4e4b\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5baa\u95ee\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u201c\u738b\u5eb6\u51e0\u6539\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e88\u65e5\u671b\u4e4b\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0b\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 46\u201c\u8d3c\u4ec1\u8005\u8c13\u4e4b\u8d3c\uff0c\u8d3c\u4e49\u8005\u8c13\u4e4b\u6b8b\uff0c\u6b8b\u8d3c\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e00\u592b\u3002\u95fb\u8bdb\u4e00\u592b\u7ea3\u77e3\uff0c\u672a\u95fb\u5f11\u541b\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u201c\u8bf8\u4faf\u5371\u793e\u7a37\uff0c\u5219\u53d8\u7f6e\u3002\u727a\u7272\u65e2\u6210\uff0c\u7ca2\u76db\u65e2\u6d01\uff0c\u796d\u7940\u4ee5\u65f6\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u65f1\u5e72\u6c34\u6ea2\uff0c\u5219\u53d8\u7f6e\u793e\u7a37\u201d\u3002\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0b\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 47\u201c\u738b\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u8bf7\u95ee\u8d35\u621a\u4e4b\u537f\u2019\u3002\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u541b\u6709\u5927\u8fc7\u5219\u8c0f\uff1b\u53cd\u590d\u4e4b\u800c\u4e0d\u542c\uff0c\u5219\u6613\u4f4d\u2019\u3002\u738b\u52c3\u7136\u53d8\u4e4e\u8272\u3002\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u738b\u52ff\u5f02\u4e5f\u3002\u738b\u95ee\u81e3\uff0c\u81e3\u4e0d\u6562\u4e0d\u4ee5\u6b63\u5bf9\u2019\u3002\u738b\u8272\u5b9a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bf7\u95ee\u5f02\u59d3\u4e4b\u537f\u3002\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u541b\u6709\u8fc7\u5219\u8c0f\uff0c\u53cd\u590d\u4e4b\u800c\u4e0d\u542c\uff0c\u5219\u53bb\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0b\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 48\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6743\u4e3a\u6c11\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u60c5\u4e3a\u6c11\u6240\u7cfb\uff0c\u5229\u4e3a\u6c11\u6240\u8c0b\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u7ae0\u7a0b\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2017\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 49\u6f58\u7ef4\uff08\u4e3b\u7f16\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u89e3\u8bfb\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u768460\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c14\u9875\uff1b\u5f20\u5e08\u4f1f\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u8d24\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6c11\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u2014\u2014\u517c\u8bba\u9ec4\u5b97\u7fb2\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u300b2017\u5e74\u7b2c7\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 50Tianjian Shi, The Logic of Politics in Mainland China and Taiwan: A Cultural Basis of Attitudes and Behavior, &nbsp;Cambridge University Press, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 51\u610f\u4e3a\uff1a\u6743\u529b\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6c11\u8c0b\u5229\uff0c\u4f46\u6743\u529b\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0d\u88ab\u6311\u6218\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 52Daniel A. Bell, The China Model: Political Meritocracy and the Limits of Democracy.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 53\u5f20\u5e08\u4f1f\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u8d24\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6c11\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u541b\u4e3b\u4e13\u5236\u903b\u8f91\u2014\u2014\u517c\u8bba\u9ec4\u5b97\u7fb2\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 54Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism: A Political Philosophy for Modern Times, pp. 193-194.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 55\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u5404\u8bf8\u4faf\u56fd\u541b\u79f0\u738b\u8005\u6e10\u591a\uff0c\u201c\u738b\u9053\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5112\u5bb6\u6781\u529b\u9f13\u5439\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 56\u5728\u4e2d\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u7fa4\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5207\u5206\u7684\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 57\u5982\u5728\u201c\u4eca\u6709\u65e0\u540d\u4e4b\u6307\u5c48\u800c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u901a\u201c\u4f38\u201d\uff1b\u5728\u201c\u4fe1\u4e4e\uff01\u592b\u5b50\u4e0d\u8a00\u4e0d\u7b11\u4e0d\u53d6\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\uff09\u548c\u201c\u6c34\u4fe1\u65e0\u5206\u4e8e\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u65e0\u5206\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u4e3a\u52a9\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 58\u5982\u201c\u5b16\u4eba\u6709\u81e7\u4ed3\u8005\u6cae\u541b\uff0c\u541b\u662f\u4ee5\u4e0d\u679c\u6765\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u541b\u201d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7279\u6307\u9c81\u5e73\u516c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 59\u8bcd\u9891\u9006\u6587\u672c\u52a0\u6743\u6307\u6570\u503c = \u8bcd\u9891\uff08term frequency\uff09 \u00d7 \u9006\u6587\u672c\u9891\u7387\u6307\u6570\uff08inverse documents frequency\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bcd\u9891\u9006\u6587\u672c\u52a0\u6743\u6307\u6570\u503c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u8bcd\u9891 = \u67d0\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u6570\uff0f\u8be5\u6587\u672c\u6240\u6709\u8bcd\u6570\uff0c\u9006\u6587\u672c\u9891\u7387\u6307\u6570 = \u603b\u6587\u672c\u6570\uff0f\u51fa\u73b0\u67d0\u8bcd\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 60\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u672c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u8ba1\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u201cR\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u8f6f\u4ef6\u201cUcinet\u201d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u68c0\u7d22\u5305\u542b\u6838\u5fc3\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7684\u53e5\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e66\u7ae0\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u5206\u5217\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5206\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5178\u548c\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u5e93\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u6587\u8a00\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u52a9\u8bcd\u3001\u8fde\u8bcd\u3001\u8bed\u6c14\u8bcd\u3001\u5730\u540d\u3001\u4eba\u540d\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201cjiebaR\u201d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u53e5\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u8bcd\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bcd\u9891\u5e76\u5236\u4f5c\u8bcd\u4e91\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bcd\u9891\u9006\u6587\u672c\u52a0\u6743\u6307\u6570\u503c\u6280\u672f\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u6bcf\u7ae0\u53e5\u6bb5\u63d0\u53d6\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u6309\u4e66\u7ae0\u4f9d\u6b21\u8f93\u5165\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5217\u8868\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff0c\u7528\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5217\u8868\u5236\u4f5c\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5171\u73b0\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u5171\u73b0\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u8c31\uff1b\u7b2c\u516d\u6b65\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u8bd5\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 61\u5728\u672c\u6587\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u6210\u4e66\u7684\u6625\u79cb\u6218\u56fd\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56fd\u541b\u4eab\u6709\u8bf8\u4faf\u56fd\uff08\u6216\u5272\u636e\u738b\u56fd\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u6cbb\u6743\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cd5\u7edf\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u201c\u541b\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4ee3\u5305\u62ec\u541b\u4e3b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u53e4\u7c4d\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u79f0\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u56fd\u90fd\uff1b\u201c\u653f\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u653f\u4e8b\u3001\u653f\u52a1\uff1b\u201c\u5b98\u201d\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u804c\u4f4d\u548c\u804c\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u6216\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u541b\u201d\u662f\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5404\u7c7b\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 62Chu Yun-han,\u201cSources of Regime Legitimacy and the Debate over the Chinese Model,\u201d China Review, Vol. 13, Iss. 1 (2013), pp. 1-42.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 63\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u90bb\u70b9\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8ba1\u7b97\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u3002\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 64\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u4fe1\u80fd\u884c\u6b64\u4e94\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u90bb\u56fd\u4e4b\u6c11\u4ef0\u4e4b\u82e5\u7236\u6bcd\u77e3\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u671d\u4e0d\u4fe1\u9053\uff0c\u5de5\u4e0d\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u541b\u5b50\u72af\u4e49\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u72af\u5211\uff0c\u56fd\u4e4b\u6240\u5b58\u8005\u5e78\u4e5f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 65\u5206\u522b\u662f\u201c\u83b7\u4e4e\u4e0a\u6709\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e4e\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u83b7\u4e4e\u4e0a\u77e3\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e0b\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e0a\u4e5f\uff0c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6b63\uff0c\u8a00\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u5219\u4e49\u4e0d\u58f9\uff0c\u884c\u65e0\u7c7b\u4e5f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5112\u6709\u5e2d\u4e0a\u4e4b\u73cd\u4ee5\u5f85\u8058\uff0c\u5919\u591c\u5f3a\u5b66\u4ee5\u5f85\u95ee\uff0c\u6000\u5fe0\u4fe1\u4ee5\u5f85\u4e3e\uff0c\u529b\u884c\u4ee5\u5f85\u53d6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 66\u8d75\u5065\u6c60\u3001\u738b\u653f\u7eea\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u53f2\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u601d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 67\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u7f01\u8863\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 68\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u6a80\u5f13\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 69\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 70\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u201d\u8be6\u60c5\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u8d75\u5065\u6c60\u3001\u738b\u6b63\u7eea\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u53f2\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u601d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 71\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u516c\u6cbb\u957f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 72\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5c27\u66f0\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 73Joseph Chan, Confucian Perfectionism: A Political Philosophy for Modern Times, p. 193.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 74\u767d\u5f64\u4e1c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u7968\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\u504f\u79bb\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u672c\u610f\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Tongdong Bai, Against Political Equality\uff1aThe Confucian Case\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 75Lianjiang Li, \u201cReassessing Trust in the Central Government: Evidence From Five National Surveys,\u201d The China Quarterly, Vol. 225 (2016), pp.100-121; Ho-fung Hung, Protest with Chinese Characteristics: Demonstrations, Riots, and Petitions in the Mid-Qing Dynasty, New York: Columbia University Press, 2011.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 76David Easton, \u201cA Re-Assessment of the Concept of Political Support,\u201d British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 5, Iss. 4 (1975), pp. 435-457.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 77\u5177\u4f53\u5efa\u8bae\u89c1\u8d75\u5065\u6c60\u3001\u738b\u6b63\u7eea\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\uff1a\u6982\u5ff5\u53f2\u56de\u6eaf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u601d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 78\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3000\u3000 \u3010\u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\u3011 \u4e2d\u3001\u897f\u65b9\u5728\u653f\u4f53\u57fa\u7840\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0a\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e24\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5927\u4f17\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc3\u7406\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4efb\u201d [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":665944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-663133","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gonglue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/663133","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=663133"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/663133\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":665945,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/663133\/revisions\/665945"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/665944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=663133"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=663133"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=663133"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}