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<\/p>\n<p>1.\u706b\u661f<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u706b\u661f\u662f\u4e00\u9897\u5bd2\u51b7\u7684\u6c99\u6f20\u661f\u7403\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u8584\uff0c\u6c34\u51b0\u5728\u53d7\u70ed\u65f6\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5347\u534e\u6210\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5730\u9762\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u592a\u9633\u98ce\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u8f70\u51fb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u9897\u7ea2\u8272\u661f\u7403\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u5b9c\u4eba\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u3002\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u706b\u661f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u539a\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u5b9c\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u706b\u661f\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u706b\u661f\u6df1\u5904\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u706b\u661f\u5730\u58f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u547d\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u706b\u661f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7532\u70f7\u542b\u91cf\u504f\u9ad8\u3002 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<\/p>\n<p>3.\u5c0f\u884c\u661f<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u952f\u9f7f\u72b6\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u3002\u5927\u578b\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0e\u884c\u661f\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb6\u4f19\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u5145\u6ee1\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u5c42\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5730\u6838\u3001\u5730\u5e54\u548c\u5916\u58f3\u3002\u5185\u90e8\u70ed\u91cf\u878d\u5316\u51b0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0e\u6a44\u6984\u77f3\u6216\u8f89\u77f3\u7b49\u77ff\u7269\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u91ca\u653e\u66f4\u591a\u70ed\u91cf\u3002\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u70ed\u6548\u5e94\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u8fc7\u70ed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5176\u9760\u8fd1\u5730\u8868\u7684\u5730\u5c42\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c42\u72b6\u7845\u9178\u76d0\u7684\u77ff\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8c37\u795e\u661f\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77ff\u7269\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5149\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u5174\u594b\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>4.\u571f\u536b\u4e8c<\/p>\n<p>\u571f\u536b\u4e8c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u4e0b\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82cf\u5fc5\u5229\u5c14\u6e56\u3002\u6c34\u4ecd\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u5357\u6781\uff0c\u4ece\u5730\u58f3\u4e0b\u55b7\u6d8c\u5230\u592a\u7a7a\u3002\u5361\u897f\u5c3c\u53f7\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u4e03\u6b21\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5b83\u7684\u96fe\u6c14\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7845\u7802\u9897\u7c92\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u54b8\u51b0\u9897\u7c92\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u6c34\u901a\u8fc7\u571f\u536b\u4e8c\u6d77\u5e95\u5ca9\u77f3\u7684\u88c2\u7f1d\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5361\u897f\u5c3c\u53f7\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5408\u751f\u547d\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6d77\u6c34\u662f\u54b8\u7684\uff0c\u542b\u6709\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5728\u6eda\u70eb\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\u95f4\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5361\u897f\u5c3c\u53f7\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u3002\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002 <\/p>\n<p>5.\u571f\u536b\u516d<\/p>\n<p>\u571f\u661f\u7684\u5927\u536b\u661f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u603b\u662f\u6726\u6726\u80e7\u80e7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u8574\u85cf\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u751f\u547d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6e29\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709-180\u6444\u6c0f\u5ea6\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u7684\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u4e59\u7094\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u6c22\u3002\u5728\u5730\u7403\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6613\u71c3\u6613\u7206\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6cf0\u5766\u6781\u4f4e\u6e29\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u5267\u70c8\u4e86\u3002\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u8fdb\u884c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002 1986 \u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8428\u6839 (Carl Sagan) 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