{"id":648176,"date":"2024-11-13T09:18:14","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T01:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/648176.html"},"modified":"2024-11-15T06:33:07","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T22:33:07","slug":"%e4%bf%9e%e5%90%be%e9%87%91%ef%bc%9a%e9%a9%ac%e5%85%8b%e6%80%9d%e5%af%b9%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e8%af%8a%e6%96%ad%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%90%af%e7%a4%ba%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/648176.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4fde\u543e\u91d1\uff1a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u53ca\u5176\u542f\u793a\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"e2d7ee2228154f0a11b9ec3df5c7a591.jpg\"<\/figure>\n

\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5229\u5965\u5854\u628a\u5177\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c6\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u52a0\u4ee5\u6448\u5f03\u7684\u201c\u5143\u53d9\u4e8b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e5f\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u3002[1]\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u8005\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8d1d\u65af\u7279(S.Best\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3(D.Kellner\u5728\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5411\u300b(1997\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f7f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e0e\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f62\u6210\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u5168\u9762\u7406\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u3002\u201d[2]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u8574\u542b\u7740\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u662f\u4ece\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f7f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7262\u7262\u5730\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u7684\u5168\u5e45\u56fe\u666f\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u773c\u524d\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u4e45\u4e0d\u8870\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u548c\u53d1\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5546\u54c1\u7684\u795e\u5316\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u8d77\u70b9<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7269\u2014\u2014\u5546\u54c1(Ware\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5728\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u2018\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5806\u79ef\u2019\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u4ece\u5206\u6790\u5546\u54c1\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u201d[3]\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7269\u3002\u5546\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4ea4\u6362\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u53ef\u4ea4\u6362\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e4d\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5341\u5206\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u7740\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5965\u5999\u548c\u795e\u5b66\u7684\u602a\u8bde\uff1a\u201c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u6728\u5934\u505a\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u6728\u5934\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u5c31\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u684c\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u6728\u5934\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u684c\u5b50\u4e00\u65e6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5546\u54c1\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u611f\u89c9\u800c\u53c8\u8d85\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u7269\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u811a\u7ad9\u5728\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0a\u7528\u5934\u5012\u7acb\u7740\uff0c\u4ece\u5b83\u7684\u6728\u8111\u888b\u91cc\u751f\u51fa\u6bd4\u5b83\u81ea\u52a8\u8df3\u821e\u8fd8\u5947\u602a\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u72c2\u60f3\u3002\u201d[4]\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u795e\u5316\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e90\u4e8e\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5546\u54c1\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u672c\u8eab\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u8d28\u53cd\u6620\u6210\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u540c\u603b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u53cd\u6620\u6210\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u7269\u4e0e\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[5]<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9519\u89c9\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4ee5\u4ea4\u6362\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u76ee\u7684\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8d27\u5e01\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\uff0c\u7ed9\u73b0\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5176\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u4e5f\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\uff1a\u201c\u8d27\u5e01\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u7684\u8c1c\u5c31\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u7684\u8c1c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u663e\u4e86\uff0c\u8000\u773c\u4e86\u3002\u201d[6]\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8d27\u5e01\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u4e43\u662f\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u7684\u5b8c\u6210\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7528\u7269\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u628a\u79c1\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\u53ca\u79c1\u4eba\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e25\u5bc6\u5730\u906e\u853d\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u65e0\u5eb8\u8bb3\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u65e8\u8da3\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5962\u8c08\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u7edf\u4e00\u4e8e\u7269\u8d28\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8fc2\u9614\u7684\u547d\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u529b\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6837\u6001\u2014\u2014\u5546\u54c1\u53ca\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559(\u5305\u62ec\u8d27\u5e01\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u610f\u8bc6\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u89e3\u8bfb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u6bd4(D.Frisby\u5728\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u788e\u7247\u300b(1985\u4e00\u4e66\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u6790\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u5b9e\u788e\u7247\u5f53\u4f5c\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u201d[7]\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6700\u7ec8\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u201c\u788e\u7247\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5176\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e2d\u7f8e\u5c14(G.Simmel\u5728\u300a\u8d27\u5e01\u54f2\u5b66\u300b(1900\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6e0a\u6e90\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5fb7\u535a\u5c14(G.Debord\u5728\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u666f\u89c2\u793e\u4f1a\u300b(1967\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f20\u627f\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u53cd\u601d\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u5fb7\u535a\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u666f\u89c2\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5546\u54c1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u9886\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u201d[8]\u7a0d\u7a0d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f,\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u535a\u5c14\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u666f\u89c2\u201d(situation\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5168\u5e45\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u4f11\u95f2\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u5a92\u4f53\u5bfc\u5411\u4e43\u81f3\u5fc3\u7406\u4f53\u9a8c\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u201c\u666f\u89c2\u201d\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u611f\u6027\u663e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6df1\u53d7\u5fb7\u535a\u5c14\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u666f\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a(J.Baudrillard\u5728\u300a\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\u300b(1970\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5468\u56f4\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7269\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u8d22\u5bcc\u6240\u6784\u6210\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u548c\u4e30\u76db\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5b83\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u672c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u6837\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u5305\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u7269\u7684\u5305\u56f4\u3002\u201d[9]\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u5728\u8fd9\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8ffd\u968f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u5bf9\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u7b26\u53f7\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6279\u5224\u300b(1972\u3001\u300a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e4b\u955c\u300b(1973\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u8f6c\u5411\u5bf9\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4ecd\u7136\u56ff\u4e8e\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u4e4b\u955c\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u5df2\u7ecf\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6362\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8715\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u4ea4\u6362\u201d(symbolic exchange\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7b26\u53f7\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bd5\u56fe\u501f\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8d85\u8d8a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u9884\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u8ff0\u7279\u6b8a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u2014\u2014\u8d27\u5e01\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8d27\u5e01\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u624b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5355\u6709\u8d27\u5e01\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u5b58\u5728(symbolische Existtenz\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u201d[10]<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u53cd\u601d\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u8d44\u672c\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u6838\u5fc3<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u5206\u6790\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5206\u6790\u5219\u662f\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8d44\u672c(Kapital\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u4f9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u8d44\u672c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u589e\u6b96\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u81a8\u80c0\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u5960\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u8ffd\u6c42\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7ecf\u5e38\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u201d[11]\u3002\u6269\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u3002\u8d44\u672c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u903b\u8f91\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u6c38\u4e0d\u505c\u606f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u548c\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5207\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u7d20\u88ab\u5c0a\u5d07\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u89c1\u89e3\u90fd\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u4e0d\u5230\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u9648\u65e7\u4e86\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u70df\u6d88\u4e91\u6563\u4e86\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u795e\u5723\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u88ab\u4eb5\u6e0e\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u51b7\u9759\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[12]\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b89\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4e0d\u5bf9\u5168\u90e8\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u5c45\u6784\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u75c7\u5019\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u65e0\u5b54\u4e0d\u5165\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u5c01\u5efa\u7684\u3001\u5b97\u6cd5\u7684\u3001\u7530\u56ed\u8bd7\u822c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u4f7f\u4eba\u548c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u9664\u4e86\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u51b7\u9177\u65e0\u60c5\u7684\u2018\u73b0\u91d1\u4ea4\u6613\u2019\uff0c\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u522b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u3002\u201d[13]\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u75c7\u5019\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5316(\u96c7\u4f63\u548c\u88ab\u96c7\u4f63\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u51b7\u6f20\u5316(\u201c\u5229\u5bb3\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u548c\u201c\u73b0\u91d1\u4ea4\u6613\u201d\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e09,\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e16\u754c\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e00\u5207\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5316\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u4ea7\u54c1\u9500\u8def\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u9a71\u4f7f\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5954\u8d70\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u5230\u5904\u843d\u6237\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[14]\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e43\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u81ea\u53d1\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u663e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u75c7\u5019\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u5148\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u6b96\u5462?\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u5f52\u6839\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6d3b\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5438\u9644\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u9175\u6bcd\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6295\u5165\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u8d44\u672c\u53d1\u9175\u3002\u201d[15]\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u63ed\u5f00\u8d44\u672c\u589e\u6b96\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8005\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u957f\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u69a8\u53d6\u7edd\u5bf9\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u5de5\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u69a8\u53d6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5269\u4f59\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6ee1\u6000\u6fc0\u6124\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u5730\u5265\u524a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4eba\u6743\u3002\u201d[16]<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u589e\u6b96\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u79d8\u5bc6\u5374\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u9886\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u751f\u606f\u8d44\u672c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u88ab\u906e\u853d\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u8d44\u672c\u8d77\u521d\u5728\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u62dc\u7269\u6559\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u672b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u53c8\u5728\u751f\u606f\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5b83\u6700\u5f02\u5316\u6700\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u201d[17]\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u751f\u606f\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u62dc\u7269\u6559\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u5462?\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u606f\u8d44\u672c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8c61\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u4f1a\u751f\u51fa\u5229\u606f\u6765\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u7834\u9664\u8d44\u672c\u62dc\u7269\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6e05\u9192\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c1\u89e3\u8574\u542b\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u8d44\u672c\u6784\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u5404\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u7075\u9b42\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u79ef\u7d2f\u8bba\u300b\u3001\u5e0c\u6cd5\u4ead\u7684\u300a\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u672c\u300b\u7b49\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e86\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u7684\u805a\u96c6\u70b9\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u54c8\u7ef4(David Harvey\u5728\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u300b(1982\u3001\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u5316\u300b(1985\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u7ef4\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u548c\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e0d\u6cbb\u4e4b\u75c7\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u201c\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u600e\u6837\u7528\u4e0d\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u73b0\u3001\u904f\u5236\u3001\u5438\u6536\u6216\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u5ea6\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u201d[18]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u54c8\u7ef4\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u9002\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u3001\u8d44\u672c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u8f6c\u79fb\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u904f\u5236\u4e43\u81f3\u6d88\u9664\u8d44\u672c\u81ea\u53d1\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u6885\u624e\u7f57\u65af(Istvan Meszaros\u5728\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d44\u672c\u300b(1995\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u201c\u5bfc\u8a00\u201d\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d44\u672c\u300b(Beyond Capital\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u65e8\u5219\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d44\u672c\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u542b\u4e49\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u6cdb\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u751f\u524d\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5219\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8d2f\u5f7b\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6279\u5224\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e0e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5f53\u4eca\u65f6\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u80fd\u201c\u8d85\u8d8a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u201d[19]\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6885\u624e\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u5426\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4ed6\u628a\u8d44\u672c\u89c6\u4e3a\u89e3\u8bfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u628a\u94a5\u5319\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0e\u54c8\u7ef4\u548c\u6885\u624e\u7f57\u65af\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384(P.Bourdieu\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8d85\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u6001\uff1a\u201c(1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7acb\u5373\u5e76\u4e14\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u88ab\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\uff1b(2\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u672c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u88ab\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\uff1b(3\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e49\u52a1(\u2018\u8054\u7cfb\u2019\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d44\u672c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d44\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u9ad8\u8d35\u5934\u8854\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u88ab\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u3002\u201d[20]\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u201c\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u672c\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f53\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u5728\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5f02\u5316\u7684\u626c\u5f03\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u51fa\u8def<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4e0e\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6bd4\u8f83\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ece\u5bf9\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u8d27\u5e01\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u505a\u51fa\u8bca\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4ece\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u2014\u2014\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u201d(Entfremdung\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u8fd9\u662f\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ece\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u548c\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u90a3\u91cc\u501f\u7528\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u8d4b\u4e88\u5176\u5d2d\u65b0\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u548c\u8d39\u5c14\u5df4\u54c8\u53ea\u662f\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8c08\u8bba\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8003\u5bdf\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u89d2\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u7ecf\u6d4e\u54f2\u5b66\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u628a\u4ed6\u5e26\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u201d(die entfremdete Arbeit\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u5177\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u501f\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u4ed6\u540c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f02\u5df1\u7684\u3001\u654c\u5bf9\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u540c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u540c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[21]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u5e7b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6c1b\u56f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u652f\u914d\u7740\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u8574\u542b\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u4e09\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u56db\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u65e2\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d44\u6599\u5c5e\u4e8e\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3001\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7269\uff1b\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\uff0c\u2014\u2014\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u201d[22]\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u542b\u4e49\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5904\u4e8e\u5f02\u5316\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u80af\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f02\u5316\u5bf9\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u548c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u540c\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f02\u5316\u3002\u201d[23]\u5dee\u5f02\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u65e0\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5728\u5f02\u5316\u4e2d\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65e0\u529b\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u73b0\u5b9e\uff1b\u800c\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u5219\u611f\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4ee5\u5176\u975e\u4eba\u7684\u3001\u795e\u5947\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u652f\u914d\u7740\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u652f\u914d\u7740\u6709\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u7269\u5316(Verdinglichung\u7ed3\u4f34\u800c\u884c\u3002\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u7269\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u52b3\u52a8\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\u7269\u5316\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7269\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u5316\u201c\u5728\u4e8e\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7269\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5f52\u5de5\u4eba\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6761\u4ef6\u5373\u8d44\u672c\u6240\u6709\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u7684\u6743\u529b\u628a\u793e\u4f1a\u52b3\u52a8\u672c\u8eab\u5f53\u4f5c\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u800c\u7f6e\u4e8e\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u201d[24]<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u8574\u542b\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\u4f5c\u4e86\u5145\u5206\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u626c\u5f03\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u53c8\u662f\u5f02\u5316\u52b3\u52a8\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u626c\u5f03\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5360\u6709\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u626c\u5f03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7b49\u7b49\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u590d\u5f52\u3002\u201d[25]\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6210\u719f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u4ecd\u7136\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u65e9\u671f\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u201c\u626c\u5f03\u5f02\u5316\u201d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u53e3\u53f7\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u719f\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u201c\u5265\u593a\u5265\u593a\u8005\u201d\u7684\u660e\u786e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9769\u547d\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u7531\u4e8e\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u8574\u542b\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u80fd\u548c\u8be0\u91ca\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5728\u540e\u4eba\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f02\u4e4e\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5362\u5361\u5947(G.Lukacs\u5728\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u9636\u7ea7\u610f\u8bc6\u300b(1923\u4e2d\u501f\u7528\u201c\u7269\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u7269\u5316\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u201d[26]\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5362\u5361\u5947\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u7269\u5316\u4e0e\u5f02\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7269\u5316\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u8bca\u65ad\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 1932\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u300a\u5df4\u9ece\u624b\u7a3f\u300b\u95ee\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u5f02\u5316\u6982\u5ff5\u51e0\u4e4e\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14(H.Lefebrve\u5728\u300a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u6279\u5224\u300b(1946\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u5f02\u5316\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u5f02\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u6216\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u4e2d\u4e27\u5931\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u5316\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u8005\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u201d[27]\u5217\u6590\u4f0f\u5c14\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u6279\u5224\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u572860\u300170\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5f02\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e1c\u6b27\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u8574\u542b\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u67f3\u9c8d\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u5854\u8fea\u5947\u5728\u300a\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3a\u6025\u5267\u81a8\u80c0\u7740\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u201d[28]\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u6b63\u662f\u5f02\u5316\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u786e\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u65e0\u5eb8\u8bb3\u8a00\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u5f02\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u89e3\u8bfb\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u628a\u94a5\u5319\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8d1d\u65af\u7279\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5ba2\u4f53\u98a0\u5012\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba2\u4f53\u501f\u4ee5\u652f\u914d\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u8870\u5fae\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u88ab\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u548c\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7406\u8bba\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u201d[29]\u665a\u671f\u7684\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u7528\u7b26\u53f7\u7406\u8bba\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u5f02\u5316\u548c\u626c\u5f03\u5f02\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8d1d\u65af\u7279\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3\u6240\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u7269\u5316\u662f\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u5e7b\u8c61\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u201d[30]\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230\u4ed6\u4ee5\u524d\u66fe\u7ecf\u6279\u5224\u8fc7\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8d70\u51fa\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u8bca\u65ad\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5bf9\u4ee5\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u5f25\u8db3\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9057\u4ea7\u3002\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u6bd4\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5728\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u786e\u8ba4\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u2018\u8d77\u6e90\u2019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u2018\u8d77\u6e90\u2019\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u201d[31]\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u5e03\u52b3(M.Albrow\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u89e3\u8bf4\u201d\u3002[32]\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u5173\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8bca\u65ad\u5177\u6709\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [1]\u5229\u5965\u5854\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u72b6\u51b5\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b\uff0c\u6e56\u5357\u7f8e\u672f\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1996\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c117\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [2]\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u8d1d\u65af\u7279\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c100\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [3]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c47\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [4]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c87-88\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [5]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c88-89\u9875.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [6]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c111\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [7]\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u6bd4\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u788e\u7247\u300b\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c32\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [8]\u53c2\u9605\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u8d1d\u65af\u7279\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c107\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [9]\u8ba9\u00b7\u9c8d\u5fb7\u91cc\u4e9a\uff1a\u300a\u6d88\u8d39\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [10]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c149\u9875\u3002Sehen Marx\u3001Engels,Werke,Band 23,Berlin:Dietz Verlag,1973,s.143\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u7684symbolische Existenz\u539f\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u8c61\u5f81\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6539\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b58\u5728\u201d<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [11]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c343\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [12]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1995\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c275\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [13]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c275\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [14]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c276\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [15]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c46\u5377\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1979\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c256\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [16]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c1\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c324\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [17]\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u8bba\u300b\u7b2c3\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c937\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [18]\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u54c8\u7ef4\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u300b\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c228-229\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [19]\u6885\u624e\u7f57\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u8d44\u672c\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [20]\u5e03\u5c14\u8fea\u5384\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u5316\u8d44\u672c\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [21]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c42\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1979\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c99-100\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [22]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c42\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c141\u9875<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [23]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c2\u5377\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1957\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c44\u9875<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [24]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c46\u5377\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1980\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c360\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [25]\u300a\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6069\u683c\u65af\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u7b2c42\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c121\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [26] G.Lukacs, History and Class Consciousness. London 1971, p.197.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [27] H.Lefebvre, The Sociology of Marx. New York: Vintage Books, 1969, p.10.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [28]\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u7ef4\u5947\u7b49\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u201c\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3e\u201d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c331\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [29]\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u8d1d\u65af\u7279\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c71\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [30]\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u8d1d\u65af\u7279\u3001\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u7eb3\uff1a\u300a\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u5411\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c149\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [31]\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u65af\u6bd4\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u788e\u7247\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c37\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [32] \u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u963f\u5c14\u5e03\u52b3\uff1a\u300a\u5168\u7403\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff0c2001\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c28\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b2005\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u3000\u3000 \u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9057\u4ea7\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u540e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u5229\u5965\u5854\u628a\u5177\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9a6c\u514b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":648178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-648176","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gonglue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/648176","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=648176"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/648176\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/648178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=648176"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=648176"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=648176"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}