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\"\u674e\u6728\u6d32<\/figure>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6458\u8981\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0e\u96be\u70b9\uff0c\u5176\u5178\u578b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u552f\u5206\u53d6\u4eba\u201d\u201c\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u70ed\u201d\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u5f62\u5f0f\u516c\u5e73\u63a9\u76d6\u5b9e\u8d28\u516c\u5e73\u201d\u201c\u5355\u4e00\u8bc4\u4ef7\u66ff\u4ee3\u591a\u5143\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u7247\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u53d6\u4ee3\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u7b49\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6587\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e0e\u81f3\u516c\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u524d\u63d0\uff1b\u5206\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u6bd4\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7406\u6027\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u8c03\u6574\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e94\u770b\u5230\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u7834\u89e3\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6027\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u3001\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u6027\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\uff1b\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff1b\u591a\u5143\u5f55\u53d6\uff1b\u7834\u89e3\u4e4b\u9053<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a\u674e\u6728\u6d32\uff081981\u2014\uff09\uff0c\u7537\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u5e7f\u6c34\u4eba\uff0c\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u4e3e\u5b66\u4e0e\u8003\u8bd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u66fe\u601d\u946b\uff081995\u2014\uff09\uff0c\u5973\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u949f\u7965\u4eba\uff0c\u6e56\u5317\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9662\u7855\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ece\u4e8b\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6240\u8c13\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u662f\u6307\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6216\u552f\u4e00\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u5f55\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4ee5\u5206\u53d6\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u8003\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u969c\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u8d21\u732e[1]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u529b\u7d20\u517b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5230\u6765\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u76ca\u51f8\u663e\u30022018\u5e749\u670810\u65e5\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8981\u6df1\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u7acb\u5fb7\u6811\u4eba\u843d\u5b9e\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u626d\u8f6c\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u575a\u51b3\u514b\u670d\u552f\u5206\u6570\u3001\u552f\u5347\u5b66\u3001\u552f\u6587\u51ed\u3001\u552f\u8bba\u6587\u3001\u552f\u5e3d\u5b50\u7684\u987d\u7634\u75fc\u75be\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6325\u68d2\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201d[2]\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u7efc\u5408\u6539\u9769\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4e00\u3001\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5178\u578b\u8868\u73b0<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6211\u56fd\u662f\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u7965\u5730\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u79d1\u4e3e\u521b\u5236\u4ee5\u964d\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u4ee5\u7a0b\u6587\u9ad8\u4e0b\u5b9a\u53bb\u7559\u201d\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4ee5\u5206\u6570\u9ad8\u4f4e\u6216\u6210\u7ee9\u4f18\u52a3\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u601d\u7ef4\u5b9a\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u7ef4\u62a4\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u94b1\u3001\u6743\u3001\u52bf\u3001\u60c5\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u8003\u8bd5\u9009\u62d4\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5386\u7ecf\u6570\u6b21\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9ad8\u8003\u6539\u9769\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u201c\u9009\u8003\u79d1\u76ee\u7b49\u7ea7\u8d4b\u5206\u201d\u201c\u591a\u5143\u5f55\u53d6\u201d\u7b49\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u77ed\u671f\u5c31\u53ef\u7834\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u552f\u5206\u53d6\u4eba\u201d\u201c\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u70ed\u201d\u7b49\u5178\u578b\u73b0\u8c61\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u552f\u5206\u53d6\u4eba<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5efa\u56fd\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u5236\u5ea6\u867d\u51e0\u7ecf\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u552f\u5206\u53d6\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u6839\u672c\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u65e9\u57281958\u5e747\u67083\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b\u793e\u8bba\u5c31\u66fe\u6279\u8bc4\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6cbb\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u653f\u6cbb\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5b66\u4e1a\u6210\u7ee9\u62e9\u4f18\u5f55\u53d6\u65b0\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u6309\u7167\u5b66\u79d1\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u9ad8\u4f4e\u4f9d\u6b21\u5f55\u53d6\u201d[3]\uff08P496\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6279\u8bc4\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u53cd\u53f3\u6d3e\u6597\u4e89\u6269\u5927\u5316\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4ec5\u4ee5\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u5f55\u53d6\u65b0\u751f\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u7d20\u517b\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53(\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53\u7f8e)\u5168\u9762\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4ece1950\u5e74\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u62db\u751f\u5f00\u59cb\u8d2f\u7a7f\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u9ad8\u8003\u540e\u5b9a\u578b\u4e3a\u2018\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53\u5168\u9762\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u62e9\u4f18\u5f55\u53d6\u2019\uff0c2002\u5e74\u8d77\u5b9a\u578b\u4e3a\u2018\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53\u5168\u9762\u8003\u6838\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u62e9\u4f18\u5f55\u53d6\u2019\u3002\u201d[4]\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u62db\u751f\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u8003\u6838\u662f\u539f\u5219\u6027\u3001\u8fbe\u6807\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u667a\u201d\u7684\u8003\u6838\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\u7cbe\u786e\u8ba1\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4f53\u73b0\u201c\u667a\u80b2\u201d\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u201c\u4ee5\u5206\u53d6\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u53c8\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u4ee5\u6587\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u6838\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u552f\u4e00\u8003\u6838\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53\u7f8e\u52b3\u7684\u5168\u9762\u8003\u6838\u7a84\u5316\u4e3a\u201c\u552f\u667a\u201d\u7684\u8003\u6838\uff0c\u5206\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u3001\u62e9\u5206\u5f55\u53d6\u4e5f\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8003\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u7684\u4e0d\u6559\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e0a\u552f\u5206\u6570\u3001\u552f\u5347\u5b66\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u683c\u517b\u6210\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6000\u4e43\u81f3\u97f3\u4f53\u7f8e\u52b3\u7b49\u65e0\u6cd5\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u67b6\u7a7a\u865a\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80cc\u79bb\u6559\u80b2\u6811\u4eba\u3001\u80b2\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u201d[5]\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u4e0e\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u9009\u62d4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fc7\u5ea6\u529f\u5229\u6027\u3001\u7247\u9762\u6027\u548c\u77ed\u89c6\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u503e\u5411[6]\u3002\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u77401952\u5e74\u7edf\u4e00\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5343\u5e74\u7edf\u8003\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u4e00\u8003\u5b9a\u7ec8\u8eab\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u4f20\u627f\u4e86\u7edf\u8003\u5206\u6570\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6216\u7275\u5f15\u7740\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u56f4\u7ed5\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u6307\u6325\u68d2\u201d\u5f00\u5c55\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u6ed1\u5411\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6df1\u6e0a\u30021993\u5e74\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u8981\u7531\u2018\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u2019\u8f6c\u5411\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u6c11\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u5168\u4f53\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u6587\u5316\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u5fc3\u7406\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\u751f\u52a8\u6d3b\u6cfc\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d[7]\u6b64\u540e\u5168\u9762\u63a8\u8fdb\u7d20\u8d28\u6559\u80b2\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u56fd\u5404\u7c7b\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u6539\u9769\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u5021\u5bfc\u7d20\u8d28\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5e94\u8bd5\u8bad\u7ec3\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u96be\u5ea6\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u538b\u529b\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\u4ee5\u53ca\u6821\u5916\u57f9\u8bad\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8fc5\u731b\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u90fd\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u5f3a\u52bf\u53d1\u5c55[5]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c2014\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u6df1\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff09\u4ecd\u660e\u786e\u5c06\u201c\u626d\u8f6c\u7247\u9762\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u6b63\u786e\u80b2\u4eba\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a8\u8fdb\u7d20\u8d28\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7d20\u8d28\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5f53\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u72b6\u5143\u70ed<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u72b6\u5143\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u72b6\u5934\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u79d1\u4e3e\u6bbf\u8bd5\u4e00\u7532\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\uff08\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5c06\u6bbf\u8bd5\u4e00\u7532\u4e8c\u4e09\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u72b6\u5143\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09[8]\uff08P81\uff09\uff0c\u672c\u65e9\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5374\u4ecd\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7f29\u5f71\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8003\u8bd5\u5934\u540d\u7684\u70ed\u5207\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u56fd\u4eba\u5ef6\u7eed\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u60c5\u7ed3\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u5929\u4e4b\u9a84\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u8ffd\u5d07\u3002\u53e4\u65f6\u72b6\u5143\u53ca\u7b2c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5149\u5b97\u8000\u7956\u548c\u529f\u540d\u5229\u7984\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u72b6\u5143\u53ca\u7b2c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5404\u5927\u540d\u6821\u7684\u4f60\u4e89\u6211\u62a2\u3001\u5404\u8def\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u8ffd\u9010\u4e43\u81f3\u5730\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u95e8\u53ca\u4e2d\u5b66\u7684\u653f\u7ee9\u4e1a\u7ee9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u72b6\u5143\u65e2\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63a8\u624b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u9ad8\u8003\u72b6\u5143\u201d\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u201c\u6447\u94b1\u6811\u201d\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7578\u5f62\u7684\u201c\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7ee9\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5206\u6570\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5546\u4e1a\u7092\u4f5c\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u6781\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5229[9]\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u9648\u5b9d\u751f\u5c31\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u4e25\u7981\u5ba3\u4f20\u201c\u9ad8\u8003\u72b6\u5143\u201d\u201c\u6e05\u5317\u7387\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u9ad8\u8003\u5347\u5b66\u7387\u201d\u30022018\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5370\u53d1\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u505a\u597d2018\u5e74\u666e\u901a\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u5f3a\u8c03\u8981\u4e25\u683c\u843d\u5b9e\u201c\u5341\u9879\u4e25\u7981\u201d\u7eaa\u5f8b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e25\u7981\u521d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b66\u6821\u5bf9\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8003\u6210\u7ee9\u6392\u540d\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\u9ad8\u8003\u72b6\u5143\u548c\u5347\u5b66\u7387\u3002\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u70ed\u201d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u904f\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u5e74\u9ad8\u8003\u6210\u7ee9\u516c\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u201d\u4ecd\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bdd\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4e8c\u3001\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6839\u636e\u6d77\u5fb7\u7684\u5f52\u56e0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u5916\u4e4e\u4e24\u5927\u7c7b\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6587\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u9a71\u52a8\u7b49\u5185\u5728\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u7b49\u5916\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fa7\u9762\u6216\u7acb\u573a\u5171\u540c\u52a9\u63a8\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6587\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e0e\u81f3\u516c\u7406\u5ff5\uff1a\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u524d\u63d0<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u540c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u6301\u7eed\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u53d1\u7965\u5730\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u516c\u5143605\u5e74\u968b\u7080\u5e1d\u59cb\u7f6e\u8fdb\u58eb\u79d1\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u79d1\u4e3e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u5b66\u800c\u4f18\u5219\u4ed5\u201d\u201c\u8003\u800c\u4f18\u5219\u4ed5\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u57281905\u5e74\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u88ab\u5e9f\uff0c\u79d1\u4e3e\u65f6\u4ee3\u5f97\u4ee5\u7ec8\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5c01\u5efa\u793e\u4f1a\u5ba3\u544a\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u6743\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u6743\u3001\u7acb\u6cd5\u6743\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u3001\u76d1\u5bdf\u6743\u5e76\u5217\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5236\u8861\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u673a\u6784\u2014\u2014\u8003\u8bd5\u9662\uff0c\u7edf\u7b79\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u5404\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u8003\u8bd5\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c11\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e1938\u20141940\u5e74\u95f4\u8fd8\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u9ad8\u6821\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u5c40\u9762\u3002\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u6c11\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5355\u72ec\u62db\u8003\u3001\u6821\u9645\u8054\u5408\u62db\u8003\u4ee5\u53ca\u533a\u57df\u7edf\u4e00\u62db\u8003\u7b49\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e8e1952\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5ef6\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u624d\u7504\u522b\u4e0e\u9009\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u5176\u8bde\u751f\u4fbf\u5907\u53d7\u63a8\u5d07\uff0c\u88ab\u5386\u671d\u5386\u4ee3\u6240\u6cbf\u7528\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u7a76\u5176\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u8003\u8bd5\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u9636\u5c42\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u8bd5\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u524d\u79d1\u4e3e\u65f6\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u4e0a\u54c1\u65e0\u5bd2\u95e8\uff0c\u4e0b\u54c1\u65e0\u4e16\u65cf\u201d\u7684\u56fa\u5316\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u201c\u671d\u4e3a\u7530\u820d\u90ce\uff0c\u66ae\u767b\u5929\u5b50\u5802\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5e38\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4e07\u822c\u7686\u4e0b\u54c1\uff0c\u60df\u6709\u8bfb\u4e66\u9ad8\u201d\u201c\u5b66\u800c\u4f18\u5219\u4ed5\u201d\u201c\u8003\u800c\u4f18\u5219\u4ed5\u201d\u7b49\u5d07\u5c1a\u5411\u5b66\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u6d3b\u52a8\u81ea\u53e4\u5c31\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u9636\u5c42\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u547d\u8fd0\u7b49\u6b63\u5411\u6fc0\u52b1\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u8003\u8bd5\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u516c\u5e73\u81f3\u4e0a\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u5343\u5e74\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c\u5176\u5386\u7ecf\u4e86\u201c\u62a5\u8003\u8d44\u683c\u4ece\u5c01\u95ed\u5230\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u53d6\u58eb\u6807\u51c6\u4ece\u4e3b\u89c2\u5230\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u5f55\u53d6\u4ece\u8ffd\u6c42\u8003\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\u5230\u517c\u987e\u533a\u57df\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u89c4\u5236\u4ece\u7b80\u758f\u5230\u7e41\u5bc6\u201d\u7b49\u7cfb\u5217\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u65e0\u8bba\u653f\u6743\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u8fed\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u79d1\u4e3e\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u201d[10]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u5176\u7fa4\u4f17\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u5907\u6027\u3001\u4e25\u5bc6\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u5f00\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u6574\u5408\u51fa\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5728\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u9762\u524d\u201c\u673a\u4f1a\u5747\u7b49\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5e73\u7b49\u7ade\u4e89\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5171\u8bc6[11]\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u53c8\u88ab\u540e\u79d1\u4e3e\u65f6\u4ee3\u4e5f\u5373\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u6240\u7ee7\u627f\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7eb8\u7b14\u6d4b\u9a8c\u7c7b\u8003\u8bd5\u57fa\u672c\u4ee5\u201c\u7a0b\u6587\u9ad8\u4e0b\u201d\u201c\u5206\u6570\u9ad8\u4f4e\u201d\u4e3a\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8003\u9009\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5206\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u6bd4\uff1a\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u89c4\u8303\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6c42\u66f4\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5177\u6709\u516c\u5171\u6027\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u6027\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u6027\u53ca\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5219[12]\uff08P28\uff09\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u9009\u62d4\u6027\u8003\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u7ef4\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u6001\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u63a2\u5bfb\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u5236\u5ea6\u89c6\u89d2\u52a0\u4ee5\u5ba1\u89c6\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u591f\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u4f18\u6216\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8fd0\u884c\u9700\u8981\u6709\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6491\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7C.\u8bfa\u65af\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4eba\u4e3a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u7b49\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u7279\u6027\u6240\u6784\u6210\u201d[13]\uff08P417\uff09\u3002\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7L.\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6b63\u5f0f\u4e0e\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u4e0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u89c4\u5b9a\u7740\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u4ee5\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u201d[14]\uff08P1\uff09\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u201c\u7531\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u6587\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u89c4\u5219\u4e4b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u8865\u5145\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u975e\u6210\u6587\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u201d[15]\uff08P5\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u201c\u7406\u8bba\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u201d\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6216\u53d6\u5f97\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6548\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5206\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7edf\u4e00\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u81ea1952\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u4fbf\u5c06\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u660e\u786e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u5206\u914d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5982\u300a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u5168\u56fd\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e8c\u5e74\u6691\u671f\u62db\u8003\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5e94\u5c4a\u6bd5\u4e1a\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u2026\u2026\u6839\u636e\u5168\u56fd\u62db\u751f\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6240\u8ba2\u62db\u751f\u8c03\u914d\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u53c2\u8003\u6210\u7ee9\u53ca\u5fd7\u613f\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u5f55\u53d6\u5206\u914d\u81f3\u5404\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u201d[16]\uff08P11-12\uff091962\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e5d\u516d\u4e8c\u5e74\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b66\u6821\u62db\u8003\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5f55\u53d6\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6309\u7167\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\u548c\u8003\u751f\u5fd7\u613f\u586b\u62a5\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5206\u5230\u4f4e\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5f55\u53d6\u3002\u201d[16]\uff08P428-429\uff09\u7531\u6b64\u201c\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u88ab\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u867d\u6709\u51e0\u6b21\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bf9\u5f55\u53d6\u5206\u6570\u6bb5\u7684\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u5206\u53d6\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u603b\u57fa\u8c03\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u3002\u6062\u590d\u9ad8\u8003\u540e\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6ca1\u53d8\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u201c\u5206\u6570\u201d\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u201c\u5206\u6570\u201d\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u4e0e\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6d4b\u8bc4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52a3\u5229\u5f0a\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u8003\u8bd5\u5185\u5bb9\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u6d4b\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\u7b80\u5355\u53ef\u6bd4\uff0c\u800c\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5f80\u5f80\u91c7\u53d6\u8d28\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e3b\u89c2\u5224\u65ad\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ed3\u679c\u96be\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u4e2d\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u6b21\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u201d\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e14\u786c\u6302\u94a9\u540e\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u6240\u5360\u9ad8\u8003\u603b\u5206\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u4e5f\u8f83\u5c0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u6bd4\u3001\u7b80\u4fbf\u6613\u884c\u662f\u91cf\u5316\u201c\u5206\u6570\u201d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7279\u8d28\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6ce8\u91cd\u8003\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u9ad8\u5229\u5bb3\u3001\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u8c28\u614e\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b88\u3002\u5982\u540c\u5218\u6d77\u5cf0\u6559\u6388\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u9ad8\u8003\u867d\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u574f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u201d[12]\uff08P366\uff09\u6216\u53ef\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u201c\u6076\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7406\u6027\uff1a\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6559\u80b2\u9009\u62d4\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5229\u76ca\u7fa4\u4f53\u4f17\u591a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5165\u5b66\u673a\u4f1a\u7ade\u4e89\u5f02\u5e38\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5c31\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u6dd8\u6c70\u6027\u9009\u62d4\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u4ece1998\u5e74\u768433.86%\u589e\u957f\u52302018\u5e74\u768481.13%\uff0c20\u5e74\u95f4\u7ffb\u4e862.4\u500d[17]\uff0c2019\u5e74\u6d59\u6c5f\u3001\u6c5f\u897f\u3001\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7b49\u591a\u7701\u5e02\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u66f4\u662f\u8d85\u8fc790%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee3\u8868\u4f18\u8d28\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u672c\u79d1\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5176\u603b\u4f53\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u672c\u79d1\u5c42\u6b21\u8d8a\u9ad8\u7ade\u4e89\u8d8a\u6fc0\u70c8\u3002\u59822019\u5e74\u9ad8\u8003\u666e\u901a\u672c\u79d1\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u4e3a44%\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u6279\u6b21\u5e73\u5747\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u4e3a18%\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u5927\u7ea6\u53ea\u67095%\u7684\u8003\u751f\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u53cc\u4e00\u6d41\u5927\u5b66\u201d[18]\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4f18\u8d28\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7a00\u7f3a\u6027\u57fa\u672c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u9ad8\u8003\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u53c8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8003\u751f\u3001\u5bb6\u957f\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42\u4e0e\u66f4\u9ad8\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5ba2\u89c2\u521a\u6027\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\u4e3a\u8bc4\u5224\u6807\u51c6\u6210\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u6700\u4fbf\u6377\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u5c31\u5229\u76ca\u7406\u6027\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u6027\u4eba\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u81ea\u8eab\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6559\u80b2\u9009\u62d4\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u6240\u6d89\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u8003\u751f\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u53c8\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u751f\uff08\u542b\u5bb6\u957f\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u5728\u4e8e\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u8003\u8bd5\u7ade\u4e89\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u5728\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5347\u5b66\u7387\uff08\u4e2d\u5b66\uff09\u548c\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u751f\u6e90\uff08\u5927\u5b66\uff09\uff1b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u5728\u4e8e\u957f\u8fdc\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u7b26\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u5404\u7c7b\u4eba\u624d\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u5728\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u57f9\u517b\u7b26\u5408\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\u4e0e\u540e\u7ee7\u4eba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8003\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u786e\u4fdd\u5236\u5ea6\u63a8\u884c\u98ce\u9669\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u535a\u5f08\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5f80\u5f80\u6210\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u5206\u6570\u4e3a\u91cd\u7684\u62db\u751f\u5f55\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\u65e0\u7591\u5177\u6709\u5148\u5929\u7684\u517c\u987e\u591a\u65b9\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u6240\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u7406\u6027\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6982\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e0e\u81f3\u516c\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u524d\u63d0\uff1b\u5206\u6570\u4f18\u5148\u4e0e\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u6bd4\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7406\u6027\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u4e09\u3001\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u6548\u5e94<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9ad8\u8003\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6559\u80b2\u9009\u62d4\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u6027\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e0d\u61c8\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5bdf\u4e3e\u5236\u3001\u4e5d\u54c1\u4e2d\u6b63\u5236\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u7686\u56e0\u5176\u4eba\u624d\u6d4b\u8bc4\u65b9\u5f0f\u201c\u8d28\u6027\u6709\u4f59\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u4e0d\u8db3\u201d\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3001\u6548\u7387\u6027\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\u800c\u88ab\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u7f18\u7531\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u79d1\u4e3e\u8003\u8bd5\u624b\u6bb5\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u6452\u9664\u94b1\u3001\u6743\u3001\u52bf\u3001\u60c5\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7b80\u4fbf\u6613\u884c\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65f6\u8fc7\u5883\u8fc1\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u800c\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f55\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bf8\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898[1]\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4e4b\u5931\uff1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u516c\u5e73\u63a9\u76d6\u5b9e\u8d28\u516c\u5e73<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u516c\u5e73\u65e2\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u5f97\u4ee5\u5b58\u7eed\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u6491\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5c06\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u7684\u6839\u672c\u4f9d\u636e\u6216\u81f3\u4e0a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9e\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u8003\u8bd5\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u6570\u9762\u524d\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u4ef7\u503c\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u201c\u591a\u9762\u76f8\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0e\u8003\u8bd5\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u539f\u5219\u5bf9\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5165\u5b66\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u7136\u72b6\u6001[19]\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u6280\u672f\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u8ba4\u77e5\u7b49\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8bd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u8bd5\u9898\u7684\u53d6\u6837\u4e0e\u8003\u751f\u7684\u590d\u4e60\u5185\u5bb9\u5b58\u5728\u5076\u7136\u6027\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8bd5\u9898\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u91c7\u7528\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\uff0c\u8bc4\u5377\u8d28\u91cf\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u4fe1\u5ea6\u548c\u6548\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u5f20\u8003\u5377\u96be\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5b66\u751f\u591a\u6837\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\u3001\u9ad8\u6821\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u76ee\u6807\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49[20]\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6f58\u61cb\u5143\u5148\u751f\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u4e0b\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u516c\u5e73\u63a9\u76d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u201d[21]\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u516c\u5e73\u5373\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\u9762\u524d\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5373\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7980\u8d4b\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u5ba2\u89c2\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u6240\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u8003\u8bd5\u7edd\u5bf9\u5316\u3001\u5206\u6570\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u65e0\u60c5\u5730\u627c\u6740\u4e86\u4eba\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u591a\u5143\u5316\u5bf9\u4eba\u624d\u7d20\u517b\u53d8\u5316\u8bc9\u6c42\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e4b\u5931\uff1a\u5355\u4e00\u8bc4\u4ef7\u66ff\u4ee3\u591a\u5143\u8bc4\u4ef7<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9ad8\u8003\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6821\u65b0\u751f\u9009\u62d4\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u8003\u751f\u7d20\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u800c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u751f\u6821\u7cbe\u51c6\u4e92\u9009\u201d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u6062\u590d\u540e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6539\u9769\u63a2\u7d22\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7eb5\u89c2\u9ad8\u800340\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u6d4b\u8bc4\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u521d\u6b65\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e09\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u547d\u9898\u65b9\u5f0f\u7531\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5316\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u7531\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u9ad8\u8003\u5230\u591a\u6837\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3001\u8003\u8bd5\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u4fa7\u91cd\u8003\u77e5\u8bc6\u5230\u4fa7\u91cd\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8f6c\u53d8\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u201c\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u201d\u7b49\u7684\u8bdf\u75c5\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u9ad8\u8003\u7efc\u5408\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7edf\u4e00\u8003\u8bd5\u4ecd\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6240\u5360\u6bd4\u91cd\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u591a\u4ee5\u201c\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u53c2\u8003\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u4ecd\u662f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u7528\u5206\u6570\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u624d\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u521b\u9020\u521b\u65b0\u7b49\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5f20\u8bd5\u5377\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u83b7\u5f97\u7684[22]\u3002\u65e9\u57282001\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5370\u53d1\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6539\u9769\u7eb2\u8981\uff08\u8bd5\u884c\uff09\u300b\u5c31\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u547d\u9898\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5e94\u4f53\u73b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u2026\u2026\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u201d[23]\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u591a\u5143\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u6d4b\u4e0d\u51c6\u7b49\u73b0\u4ee3\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u5168\u9762\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u8003\u751f\u7684\u975e\u667a\u529b\u7d20\u517b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u624d\u9009\u62d4\u4e0e\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u591a\u5143\u800c\u975e\u5355\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9ad8\u8003\u6539\u9769\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6539\u9769\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ec8\u5c06\u8d70\u5411\u591a\u5143\u4e4b\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u5931\uff1a\u7247\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u53d6\u4ee3\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9ad8\u8003\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u201c\u4e0a\u8fde\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4e0b\u5f15\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u751f\u6e90\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bf9\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u7275\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\u9010\u6e10\u7531\u4ee5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\u4f9d\u5f52\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ee5\u8003\u8bd5\u5927\u7eb2\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u8003\u4ec0\u4e48\u2014\u2014\u6559\u4ec0\u4e48\u2014\u2014\u5b66\u4ec0\u4e48\u2014\u2014\u8865\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u903b\u8f91\u94fe\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9ad8\u8003\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u548c\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u201c\u8003\u4ec0\u4e48\u6559\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u7684\u704c\u8f93\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u9898\u6d77\u6218\u672f\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u91cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u8f7b\u80fd\u529b\u6210\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u201c\u6559\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b66\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5168\u9762\u800c\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b66\u751f\u4ee5\u8003\u51fa\u9ad8\u5206\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6b7b\u8bb0\u786c\u80cc\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6210\u4e3a\u8003\u8bd5\u673a\u5668\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u201c\u5b66\u4ec0\u4e48\u8865\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u751f\u8003\u8bd5\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u60dc\u727a\u7272\u5b66\u751f\u4e1a\u4f59\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u540d\u76ee\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u8865\u4e60\u73ed\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u73ed\uff0c\u4f7f\u5bb6\u5ead\u6559\u80b2\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u201c\u5e2e\u51f6\u201d\u3002\u6709\u6b64\u4e09\u5bb3\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u5f02\u5316\u4e3a\u5ffd\u7565\u5b66\u751f\u4e2a\u6027\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e43\u81f3\u4eba\u683c\u5065\u5168\u7684\u7247\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u539f\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8003\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u6234\u5bb6\u5e72\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4ee5\u8003\u8bd5\u4ee3\u66ff\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4ee5\u8003\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee3\u66ff\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7ed3\u679c\u201d[24]\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7f3a\u61be\uff0c\u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u7f3a\u4f4d\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4e4b\u5931\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b66\u6821\u91cd\u70b9\u6293\u667a\u80b2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8981\u8ba1\u5165\u9ad8\u8003\u603b\u5206\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\u9ad8\u5ea6\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u76ee\u5219\u4e0d\u88ab\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5fb7\u80b2\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u7f8e\u80b2\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u201c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u201d[25]\uff0c\u4f7f\u5168\u9762\u6559\u80b2\u96be\u4ee5\u843d\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u56db\u3001\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u4e4b\u9053<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u672c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6211\u56fd\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7531\u7cbe\u82f1\u5316\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u5316\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u9700\u8981\u3002\u6b63\u59822014\u5e749\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u6df1\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u6240\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7b26\u5408\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u6743\u5a01\u6027\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u552f\u5206\u6570\u8bba\u5f71\u54cd\u5b66\u751f\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d[26]\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8fdb\u5165\u666e\u53ca\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u8bc9\u6c42[1]\u3002\u5ba2\u89c2\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5df2\u6084\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u7d20\u8d28\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u4f7f\u9ad8\u8003\u4ece\u7edd\u5bf9\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u201d\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u6765\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u7406\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u591a\u63aa\u5e76\u4e3e\u6df1\u5316\u6539\u9769\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e00\uff09\u7834\u89e3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u6784\u7b51\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6587\u5316\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n

\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5b83\u5728\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u9996\u5148\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e94\u8fa9\u8bc1\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5206\u6570\u89c2\u3002\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8003\u751f\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u6548\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5316\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8003\u751f\u4e2d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u79d1\u76ee\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u601d\u7ef4\u54c1\u8d28\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u529b\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u6d4b\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u80fd\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u8003\u751f\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u8003\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u667a\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53\u7f8e\u52b3\u5168\u9762\u8003\u6838\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3001\u62e9\u4f18\u5f55\u53d6\u7684\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u539f\u5219\u4e0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5373\u96be\u4ee5\u6d4b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u53cd\u6620\u8003\u751f\u7684\u5fb7\u4f53\u7f8e\u52b3\u7b49\u975e\u667a\u529b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u9648\u5b9d\u751f\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u5543\u7684\u201c\u786c\u9aa8\u5934\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e94\u7740\u529b\u4ece\u6559\u80b2\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u6210\u957f\u89c4\u5f8b\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u552f\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e0d\u552f\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u5e73\u8861[27]\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5728\u7834\u9664\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e94\u5ba2\u89c2\u770b\u5f85\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5168\u76d8\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u4ece\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u53bb\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e94\u66f4\u65b0\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u89c2\uff0c\u4e3a\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5960\u5b9a\u4ef7\u503c\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u7834\u89e3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u9ad8\u6821\u591a\u5143\u5f55\u53d6\u5236\u5ea6<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u7834\u89e3\u5229\u76ca\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u9ad8\u8003\u5165\u5b66\u7ade\u4e89\u683c\u5c40<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6539\u9769\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6839\u672c\u65b9\u5411\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u628a\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6821\u9009\u62d4\u65b0\u751f\u548c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u957f\u8fdc\u53d1\u5c55\u30022015\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5316\u6539\u9769\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u5f3a\u8c03\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u5bf9\u5f85\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8c03\u6574\u201d[29]\u3002\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u96be\u70b9\u4fbf\u662f\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u5404\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5229\u76ca\u7ed3\u5408\u70b9\u7531\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u8c03\u6574\u4e3a\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u5404\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7406\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u201c\u7efc\u5408\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u7684\u5168\u9762\u63a8\u884c\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4e3a\u73b0\u884c\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u7ade\u4e89\u51cf\u538b\u51cf\u8d1f\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u60c5\u3001\u6559\u60c5\u4e0e\u8003\u60c5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u4f18\u8d28\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u5747\u8861\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u9ad8\u8003\u7ade\u4e89\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u5927\u5b66\u5165\u5b66\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u201c\u53cc\u4e00\u6d41\u201d\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e3a\u5951\u673a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u624d\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5728\u4f18\u8d28\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u8d44\u6e90\u8584\u5f31\u7684\u7701\u5e02\u5408\u7406\u8c03\u6574\u6216\u589e\u8bbe\u4e00\u6279\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7f13\u89e3\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u7ade\u4e89\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u51cf\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u52a0\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u9ad8\u8003\u533a\u57df\u7ade\u4e89\u65b0\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u63a8\u8fdb\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u7c7b\u8003\u8bd5\u6539\u9769\u3002\u5373\u5c06\u201c\u9ad8\u804c\u9662\u6821\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u9ad8\u6821\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u5f00\u201d[26]\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u201c\u5206\u7c7b\u8003\u8bd5\u201d\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u666e\u901a\u9ad8\u6821\u4e0e\u9ad8\u804c\u9662\u6821\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u7cbe\u51c6\u9009\u62d4\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5316\u89e3\u5f53\u524d\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u9ad8\u8003\u7ade\u4e89\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u8003\u5206\u7c7b\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u65b0\u683c\u5c40\u3002\u8bda\u7136\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u5229\u76ca\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u4e8b\u5173\u91cd\u5927\u3001\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u65e2\u9700\u8981\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9876\u5c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7ec8\u6709\u7834\u89e3\u4e4b\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u957f\u671f\u800c\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u8c03\u6574\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5747\u8861\u4e43\u81f3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u5230\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u7834\u89e3\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6027\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u3001\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u6027\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8981\u5904\u7406\u597d\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u3001\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u53bb\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u7b49\u7cfb\u5217\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u7efc\u5408\u6539\u9769\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5c0a\u91cd\u8003\u8bd5\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u7edf\u7b79\u517c\u987e\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u5916\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u624d\u80fd\u5e73\u7a33\u7834\u89e3\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [1] \u8463\u6cfd\u82b3,\u674e\u6728\u6d32.\u9ad8\u8003\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u7684\u7834\u9664\u4e0e\u91cd\u6784[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c2019(4).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [2] \u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73.\u575a\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\u9053\u8def \u57f9\u517b\u5fb7\u667a\u4f53\u7f8e\u52b3\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u8005\u548c\u63a5\u73ed\u4eba[EB\/OL].\uff082018-09-10\uff09[2019-10-29].http:\/\/www.moe.gov.cn\/jyb_xwfb\/s6052\/moe_838\/201809\/t20180910_348145.html.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [3] \u848b\u8d85\uff0c\u5f20\u5c0f\u52b2.\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u8003\u53f2\uff08\u521b\u7acb\u5377\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u8a00\u5b9e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [4] \u8fb9\u65b0\u707f.\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4ee5\u6765\u9ad8\u6821\u62db\u751f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\u53ca\u5176\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91(\u4e0a\u7bc7)[J].\u8003\u8bd5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2019(1).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [5] \u6768\u4e1c\u5e73.\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2[J].\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u8bc4\u8bba,2016(4).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [6] \u8fb9\u65b0\u707f,\u674e\u794e,\u8303\u7b11\u4ed9.\u65b0\u9ad8\u8003\u6539\u9769\u906d\u9047\u201c\u5e94\u8bd5\u6559\u80b2\u201d\u63a3\u8098\u7684\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u5206\u6790[J].\u6d59\u6c5f\u5b66\u520a,2019(3).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [7] \u56fd\u52a1\u9662.\u4e2d\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7eb2\u8981[EB\/OL].(1993-02-13)[2019-05-01] http : \/ \/ www . moe.gov.cn\/jyb_sjzl\/moe_177\/tnull_2484.html.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [8] \u7fdf\u56fd\u748b.\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u4e3e\u8f9e\u5178[M].\u5357\u660c\uff1a\u6c5f\u897f\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [9] \u5434\u5174\u4eba.\u8fd8\u201c\u72b6\u5143\u201d\u4e00\u7247\u5b81\u9759\u5929\u7a7a[N].\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\uff0c2012-08-08.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [10] \u90d1\u82e5\u73b2.\u79d1\u4e3e\u81f3\u516c\u4e4b\u9053\u53ca\u5176\u73b0\u5b9e\u542f\u601d[J].\u53a6\u95e8\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09\uff0c2010\uff085\uff09.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [11] \u9a6c\u548c\u6c11.\u8bba\u79d1\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u6548\u5e94[J].\u6d59\u6c5f\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff08\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\uff09,2005(5).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [12] \u674e\u6728\u6d32.\u9ad8\u8003\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53cd\u601d[M].\u6b66\u6c49\uff1a\u534e\u4e2d\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2016.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [13] [\u7f8e]\u674e\u00b7J.\u963f\u5c14\u65af\u901a.\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76[M].\u7f57\u4ef2\u4f1f,\u8bd1.\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [14] [\u7f8e]\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7L.\u574e\u8d1d\u5c14.\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u5316[M].\u59da\u4f1f\uff0c\u8bd1.\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [15] [\u7f8e]\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7C.\u8bfa\u601d.\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8fc1\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ee9\u6548[M].\u676d\u884c,\u8bd1.\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u683c\u81f4\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2008.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [16] \u6768\u5b66\u4e3a.\u9ad8\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff08\u4e0a\uff09[M].\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2003.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [17] 2019\u9ad8\u8003\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe90%\uff0c1%\u7684\u8003\u751f\u624d\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb985[EB\/OL].\uff082020-02-14\uff09[2020-02-23].http:\/\/www.bzrw.net\/jinrizixun\/459456.html.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [18] 2019\u5e74\u9ad8\u8003\u5168\u56fd\u4e00\u672c\u6279\u6b21\u5e73\u5747\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u662f18\uff05\uff0c\u5404\u5730985\u5927\u5b66\u5f55\u53d6\u7387\u591a\u5c11[EB\/OL].\uff082019-11-05\uff09[2020-02-23] . https : \/\/ new . qq.com\/omn\/20191105\/20191105A0D9DM00.html.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [19] \u674e\u6728\u6d32.\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5143\u601d\u8003[J].\u56fd\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2012\uff088\uff09.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [20] \u8fb9\u65b0\u707f. \u5173\u4e8e\u9ad8\u8003\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u601d\u8003[J].\u8003\u8bd5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c2017(6).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [21] \u6797\u667a\u4ec1.\u6f58\u61cb\u5143\uff1a\u5f53\u4e0b\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u516c\u5e73\u63a9\u76d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73[EB\/OL].(2017-05-27)[2020-02-25].http:\/\/news.cyol.com\/content\/2017-05\/27\/content_16123821.htm.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [22] \u51af\u6210\u706b\uff0c\u738b\u4e1c.\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u8003\u6539\u9769\u5f62\u5f0f\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8d28\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7edf\u4e00[EB\/OL].(2014-12-29)[2020-02-26].http:\/\/theory.people.com.cn\/n\/2014\/1229\/c40531-26293145.html.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [23] \u6559\u80b2\u90e8.\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u53d1\u300a\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6539\u9769\u7eb2\u8981\uff08\u8bd5\u884c\uff09\u300b\u7684\u901a\u77e5[EB\/OL].(2001-06-08)[2020-02-26] . http : \/ \/ old . moe . gov . cn \/ \/ publicfiles\/business\/htmlfiles\/moe\/s8001\/201404\/xxgk_167343.html.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [24] \u539f\u6625\u7433.\u6234\u5bb6\u5e72\uff1a\u73b0\u884c\u9ad8\u8003\u5236\u5ea6\u4e09\u5927\u7f3a\u61be[N].\u4e2d\u56fd\u9752\u5e74\u62a5\uff0c2016-12-12.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [25] \u7ba1\u5174\u534e,\u80e1\u4e9a\u6770,\u8c22\u4e39,\u97e9\u5bc5\u5954.\u7834\u89e3\u201c\u552f\u5206\u6570\u201d\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u8854\u63a5[J].\u4e2d\u56fd\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c2019(4).<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [26] \u56fd\u52a1\u9662.\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u6df1\u5316\u8003\u8bd5\u62db\u751f\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u610f\u89c1[EB\/OL].(2014-09-04)[2020-02-27].http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/zhengce\/content\/2014-09\/04\/content_9065.htm.<\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000 [28] \u767d\u5b9b\u677e.\u4e60\u8fd1\u5e73\u51fa\u5e2d\u5168\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u4f1a\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u91cd\u8981\u8bb2\u8bdd[EB\/OL].(2018-09-10)[2020-03-01]. http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/xinwen\/2018-09  \/ 10 \/ content_5320835.htm.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000 [29] \u4e2d\u592e\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5316\u6539\u9769\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u53ec\u5f00[EB\/OL].\uff082015-08-18\uff09[2020-02-28].http :\/\/www.gov.cn\/xinwen\/2015-08  \/ 18 \/ content _ 2915043.htm.<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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