{"id":636077,"date":"2024-11-10T09:18:36","date_gmt":"2024-11-10T01:18:36","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-11-10T13:11:28","modified_gmt":"2024-11-10T05:11:28","slug":"%e9%83%ad%e8%90%8d%ef%bc%9a%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e7%8e%b0%e4%bb%a3%e7%be%a4%e6%b2%bb%e4%b9%8b%e6%96%b9-%e5%85%bc%e8%ae%ba%e4%b8%a5%e5%a4%8d%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/636077.html","title":{"rendered":"\u90ed\u840d\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u73b0\u4ee3\u7fa4\u6cbb\u4e4b\u65b9 \u2014\u2014\u517c\u8bba\u4e25\u590d\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u6839\u57fa"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/232e165db44440b1cff0a1a5cc83a65d.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" 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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u56fd\u7fa4\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0e\u8340\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u5728\u4ee5\u8340\u5b50\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u683c\u4e49\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u968f\u7740\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c2\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u592b\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u7fa4\uff0c\u4f17\u77e3\uff0c\u5937\u8003\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u59cb\u4e8e\u56fe\u817e\uff0c\u7ee7\u4ee5\u5b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u6210\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[11]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e16\u4e4b\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e43\u4e94\u6d32\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e8b\u3002\u5176\u4e0d\u8c0b\u800c\u5408\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c11\u751f\u6709\u7fa4\u6545\u3002\u7fa4\u4e4b\u6240\u59cb\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8be0\u300b\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e0d\u6613\u4e4b\u8bf4\u3002\u6700\u59cb\u662f\u56fe\u817e\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5176\u6b21\u4e43\u5165\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u800c\u6587\u5316\u4e4b\u8fdb\uff0c\u5982\u4fc4\u56fd\u3001\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u7686\u672a\u6089\u53bb\u5b97\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e43\u6709\u519b\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u81f3\u5927\u516c\u4f8b\uff0c\u66f0\u201c\u4e07\u5316\u7686\u6e10\u800c\u65e0\u987f\u201d\u3002[12]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6545\u7a3d\u8bf8\u751f\u6c11\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u66f0\u86ee\u5937\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u4ea6\u79f0\u56fe\u817e\u793e\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\uff0c\u66f0\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u66f0\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u4ea6\u79f0\u519b\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u3002[13]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7167\u5176\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u6700\u65e9\u4e14\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u201c\u672a\u6089\u53bb\u5b97\u6cd5\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u8bba\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u201c\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5f53\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u6bd4\u897f\u65b9\u540e\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ec8\u7a76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u201c\u81f3\u5927\u516c\u4f8b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ebf\u6027\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u9700\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u7531\u6b64\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53e4\u4eca\u4e4b\u53d8\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u5206\u4e2d\u897f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5171\u540c\u6027\u3002\u6309\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5212\u5206\u770b\uff0c\u5148\u79e6\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8340\u5b50\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u201c\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5f53\u65f6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f62\u6001\u5c31\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u8840\u7f18\u5b97\u6cd5\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bf8\u4faf\u56fd\uff08vassal state\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u4e25\u590d\u6781\u529b\u6279\u5224\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u6089\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u5728\u8d70\u5411\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6240\u8c13\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u662f\u4e25\u590d\u5bf9\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7504\u514b\u601d\u8457\u4f5cA History of Politics\uff08\u4e25\u8bd1\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8be0\u300b\uff09\u4e2d\u201cmodern(political)society\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u519b\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201d[14]\uff08military society\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u7684\u6216\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff08the military\uff08or \u201cpolitical\u201d in the modern sense\uff09\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u519b\u653f\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u8868\u5f81\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u201c\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u7cfb\u6c11\uff0c\u975e\u519b\u653f\uff0c\u4e43\u5b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u3002\u201d[15]\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u6b32\u6c42\u8fd1\u4e16\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u539f\uff0c\u820d\u5175\u4e8b\u4e4b\u6f14\u8fdb\uff0c\u5219\u4e4c\u4ece\u800c\u6c42\u4e4b\uff1f\u201d[16]\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ed6\u4ee5\u519b\u653f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6b63\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5185\u5916\u4ea4\u6218\u5c40\u9762\u7684\u6982\u62ec\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\uff08\u519b\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08modern nation-state\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u7167\u524d\u6587\u4fbf\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u683c\u4e49\u8be0\u91ca\u8340\u5b50\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u51fd\u793e\u4f1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5185\u201d\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u7fa4\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e25\u590d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6881\u542f\u8d85\u3001\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u3001\u7ae0\u592a\u708e\u7b49\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u5bc4\u6258\u7684\u4e5f\u65e0\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5efa\u6784\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u548c\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u5df2\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u8340\u5b50\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e43\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u633a\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u88ab\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5b66\u8005\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff08\u6216\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u82f1\u6587\u201ccivil society\u201d\uff09\uff0c[17]\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u57fa\u7840\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 &nbsp; &nbsp; \u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u65cf\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e3a\u5e7a\u533f\u8005\u4e5f\u3002[18] (\u201c\u5e7a\u533f\u201d\u8bd1\u8a00\u672c\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u82e5\u5b50\u4f84\uff0c\u82e5\u59bb\u59be\uff0c\u82e5\u5974\u5a62\uff0c\u7686\u5bb6\u957f\u4e4b\u6240\u6cbb\u4e5f\u3002\u5bb6\u957f\u53d7\u6cbb\u4e8e\u65cf\u6b63\uff0c\u65cf\u6b63\u53d7\u6cbb\u4e8e\u5927\u5b97\u3002[19]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u53c8\u672a\u5c1d\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5df1\u4e3a\u672c\u4f4d\uff0c\u6b64\u5176\u5f02\u4e8e\u8a00\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u4e0e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b8a\u4e5f\u3002\u6545\u53e4\u4e4b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5236\u672c\u4e8e\u5bb6\u3002\u2026\u2026\u543e\u4eba\u5c45\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7686\u4ee5\u4e00\u8eab\u5f84\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u7ea6\u675f\u6cd5\u5236\u8005\u4e5f\u3002[20]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u4ee5\u4e00\u6c11\u4e4b\u5c0f\u5df1\u4e3a\u5e7a\u533f\u8005\uff0c\u6c11\u7686\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u56fd\u4e4b\u6cbb\u6743\u76f4\u63a5[21]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u56fd\u6709\u5baa\u5178\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u800c\u660e\u5b9a\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u543e\u8eab\u4e0d\u72af\u5176\u6240\u7981\u8005\uff0c\u56fa\u53ef\u4ece\u543e\u4e4b\u6240\u6b32\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5356\u6d46\u8005\u5ffd\u9152\uff0c\u79cd\u8348\u8005\u5ffd\u70df\uff0c\u65e0\u6d89\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u7686\u6240\u81ea\u4e3b\u3002[22]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u81f3\u4e8e\u5386\u4e45\u4e4b\u4f59\u6c11\uff0c\u8bc6\u5408\u7fa4\u4e4b\u5229\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u4e8e\u662f\u516c\u76ca\u4e4b\u4e49\u8d77\u7109\uff0c\u4fdd\u6c11\u4e4b\u8d23\u91cd\u7109\u3002\u800c\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e43\u6e10\u53bb\u4e8e\u5b97\u6cd5\u3001\u795e\u6743\u4e4b\u521d\u65e8\uff0c\u800c\u6cbb\u6743\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u771f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4f53\u5236\u4ee5\u6210\u3002\u2026\u2026\u867d\u65f6\u6709\u8fdf\u901f\uff0c\u671f\u6709\u957f\u77ed\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6240\u7ecf\u5386\u8005\uff0c\u56fa\u672a\u5c1d\u4e0d\u540c\u4e5f\u3002[23]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7531\u6b64\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4ee5\u7fa4\u4f53\uff08\u5b97\u65cf\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\uff09\u4e3a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u5b97\u65cf\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u7b49\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\uff08person\uff09\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b97\u65cf\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u9644\u5eb8\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b97\u65cf\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u201c\u56fd\u7fa4\u201d\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\uff09\u5219\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4f53\uff08individual\uff09\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u867d\u7136\u4ecd\u8981\u627f\u62c5\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4f53\u6743\u5229\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6b63\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u56fd\u7fa4\u201d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u6839\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u56fd\u7fa4\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6781\u529b\u4e3b\u5f20\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5229\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u6027\uff08\u5373\u201c\u7279\u64cd\u201d\uff09\u662f\u6c11\u5fb7\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u884c\u5df1\u81ea\u7e47\u660e\u7279\u64cd\u4e3a\u6c11\u5fb7\u4e4b\u672c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u9053\u6c11\u5fb7\u4e4b\u6700\u9686\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4eba\u5404\u4fee\u5176\u7279\u64cd\uff0c\u5728\u5faa\u5f02\u64b0\u800c\u5404\u81fb\u5176\u6781\u3002\u201d[24]\u201c\u6c11\u5fb7\u6700\u9686\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u5728\u7686\u6709\u4e0d\u82df\u540c\u4e0d\u4faa\u4fd7\u4e4b\u98ce\u3002\u201d[25]\u8fd9\u65e0\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u4e2a\u4f53\u662f\u56fd\u7fa4\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5927\u529b\u5730\u57f9\u517b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6559\u80b2\u4ee5\u683d\u57f9\u7279\u64cd\u4e3a\u9e44\uff0c\u6545\u884c\u5df1\u81ea\u7e47\u5c1a\u7109\u3002[26]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6545\u4e00\u56fd\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fc5\u5176\u6c11\u54c1\u4e0d\u9f50\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u6bb7\u8d48\u7e41\u6b8a\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u591a\u751f\u6c14\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6545\u7279\u64cd\u5f02\u64b0\u8005\uff0c\u517c\u6210\u5df1\u6210\u7269\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u660e\u5fb7\u65b0\u6c11\uff0c\u80e5\u7531\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u2026\u2026\u81ea\u5c0f\u5df1\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u4eba\u4e4b\u8eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u7279\u64cd\u5f02\u64b0\u800c\u751f\u6c14\u4e30\uff1b\u81ea\u56fd\u7fa4\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u6c11\u751f\u6c14\u4e4b\u4e30\uff0c\u5176\u56fd\u4e4b\u751f\u6c14\u4ea6\u4ee5\u4e0d\u556c\u3002[27]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6b63\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53d1\u5c55\u73b0\u4ee3\u201c\u56fd\u7fa4\u201d\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u4e0d\u81ea\u7e47\u5219\u65e0\u7279\u64cd\uff0c\u65e0\u7279\u64cd\u5219\u5176\u7fa4\u5fc5\u8870\u201d\uff0c[28]\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7fa4\u6cbb\u4e4b\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u81ea\u7531\uff1a\u7fa4\u6cbb\u4e4b\u65b9<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e25\u590d\u6240\u6307\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e43\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u751f\u6240\u4eab\u771f\u5b9e\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u610f\u5fd7\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7\u665a\u6e05\u4e2d\u8870\u897f\u76db\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e71\u897f\u6cbb\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u7fa4\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u548c\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u4ee3\u63a8\u5d07\u4ee5\u201c\u5927\u4e00\u7edf\u201d\u7262\u7b3c\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e73\u4e89\u6cef\u4e71\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c11\u667a\u65e5\u7ab3\uff0c\u6c11\u529b\u65e5\u8870\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u4e4b\u65b9\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u575a\u8239\u5229\u70ae\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u6c11\u529b\u3001\u6c11\u667a\u3001\u6c11\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u6c11\u529b\u3001\u6c11\u667a\u3001\u6c11\u5fb7\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u7531\u662f\u800c\u89c2\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u53ca\u4eca\u800c\u56fe\u81ea\u5f3a\uff0c\u975e\u6807\u672c\u5e76\u6cbb\u7109\uff0c\u56fa\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e5f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6807\u8005\u4f55\uff1f\u6536\u5927\u6743\u3001\u7ec3\u519b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u4fc4\u56fd\u6240\u4e3a\u662f\u5df2\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5176\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u4ea6\u4e8e\u6c11\u667a\u3001\u6c11\u529b\u3001\u6c11\u5fb7\u4e09\u8005\u52a0\u4e4b\u610f\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u679c\u4f7f\u6c11\u667a\u65e5\u5f00\uff0c\u6c11\u529b\u65e5\u594b\uff0c\u6c11\u5fb7\u65e5\u548c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0a\u867d\u4e0d\u6cbb\u5176\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u6807\u5c06\u81ea\u7acb\u3002[29]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u592b\u543e\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u7531\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u72ec\u5176\u540d\u5df2\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e43\u6c11\u751f\u6240\u4eab\u771f\u5b9e\u4e4b\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56fd\u5fc5\u6709\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u6c11\u5f97\u5404\u594b\u5176\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u81ea\u6c42\u591a\u798f\u4e8e\u7269\u7ade\u4e4b\u96be\u8c0c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5eb6\u51e0\u53ef\u5e78\u4e8e\u5929\u62e9\uff0c\u82df\u4e8e\u7fa4\u65e0\u6240\u4fb5\u635f\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u6cae\u904f\u8005\u4e5f\u3002[30]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u5224\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u7edf\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5fc5\u987b\u53bb\u9664\u675f\u7f1a\u56fd\u6c11\u4e4b\u624d\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5f97\u4ee5\u5f3a\u76db\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u8981\u8bc0\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u897f\u6cbb\u201d\u7684\u547d\u8109\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4eca\u5c06\u65e9\u591c\u4ee5\u5b73\u5b73\u6c42\u6240\u4ee5\u8fdb\u543e\u6c11\u4e4b\u624d\u5fb7\u529b\u8005\uff0c\u53bb\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u56f0\u543e\u6c11\u4e4b\u624d\u5fb7\u529b\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u65e0\u76f8\u6b3a\u76f8\u593a\u76f8\u60a3\u5bb3\u4e5f\u3002\u543e\u5c06\u6089\u542c\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u6c11\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5929\u4e4b\u6240\u7540\u4e5f\u3002[31]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u592b\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u8a00\u897f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5e38\u82e6\u4e8e\u96be\u8a00\u5176\u771f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u5176\u547d\u8109\u4e91\u4f55\uff1f\u82df\u627c\u8981\u800c\u8c08\uff0c\u4e0d\u5916\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u5219\u9edc\u4f2a\u800c\u5d07\u771f\uff0c\u4e8e\u5211\u653f\u5219\u5c48\u79c1\u4ee5\u4e3a\u516c\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u65af\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u9053\u521d\u65e0\u5f02\u4e5f\u3002\u987e\u5f7c\u884c\u4e4b\u800c\u5e38\u901a\uff0c\u543e\u884c\u4e4b\u800c\u5e38\u75c5\u8005\uff0c\u5219\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u81ea\u7531\u5f02\u8033\u3002[32]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5f7c\u897f\u6d0b\u8005\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5e76\u7528\u800c\u7686\u6709\u4ee5\u80dc\u6211\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u2026\u2026\u63a8\u6c42\u5176\u6545\uff0c\u76d6\u5f7c\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a\u7528\u3002[33]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u9664\u4e86\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u5c42\u9762\u9610\u660e\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u5426\u626d\u8f6c\u8d25\u5c40\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd1\u8457\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51fa\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u5371\u5c40\u6240\u8feb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u201c\u5929\u4e4b\u6240\u7540\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u5929\u6f14\u8bba\u300b\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7fa4\u6cbb\u4e4b\u65b9\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u660e\u5929\u9053\u4e4b\u5e38\u53d8\uff0c\u5176\u7528\u5728\u7269\u7ade\u4e0e\u5929\u62e9\u201d\uff0c[34]\u201c\u7fa4\u51fa\u4e8e\u5929\u6f14\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u80fd\u7fa4\u4e4b\u5929\u502a\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u7ade\u4e3a\u946a\u9524\u201d\u3002[35]\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7269\u7ade\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5f20\u626c\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u79cd\u7fa4\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u6839\u672c\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5728\u4e2d\u897f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56fd\u65cf\u4e4b\u4e89\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7269\u7ade\u201d\u6cd5\u5219\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u79cd\u4e0e\u79cd\u4e89\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u7fa4\u6210\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u7fa4\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4e89\uff0c\u56fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u4e89\u201d[36]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u5bcc\u6709\u751f\u6c14\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u751f\u5fc5\u81ea\u7e47\u800c\u540e\u53ef\u4e50\u4e5f\uff0c\u81ea\u7e47\u8005\uff0c\u8bda\u4e50\u751f\u4e4b\u8981\u7aef\uff0c\u800c\u4ea6\u8fdb\u5316\u4e4b\u6240\u5f85\u4e5f\u3002\u201d[37]\u201c\u884c\u5df1\u81ea\u7e47\uff0c\u4eba\u9053\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e50\u751f\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u201d[38]\u7531\u6b64\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u897f\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u80dc\u8d25\u5c31\u6839\u7cfb\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5f00\u653e\u201c\u7269\u7ade\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u518d\u800c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8be0\u300b\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7531\u56fe\u817e\u793e\u4f1a\u5230\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u592b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\uff0c\u5e38\u6210\u4e8e\u5929\u6f14\u201d[39]\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6f14\u8fdb\u4e43\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u5b97\u6cd5\u6743\u5a01\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u4f53\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u5c31\u662f\u987a\u5e94\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u666e\u904d\u89c4\u5f8b\uff1b\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u7fa4\u5b66\u8084\u8a00\u300b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u96c6\u805a\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u6cbb\u7406\u603b\u8981\u4e0e\u4eba\u6027\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6027\u968f\u7740\u201c\u5916\u5883\u201d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u65e5\u76ca\u8d8b\u5411\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u8981\u987a\u5e94\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u63ed\u793a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9619\u5982\u662f\u963b\u788d\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u552f\u6709\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u6cbb\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u547d\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u5185\u5916\u5fe7\u60a3\u5728\u56fd\u7fa4\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u81ea\u5f3a\u81ea\u5b58\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u592a\u5e73\u4e4b\u76db\u4e5f\u53ef\u4e0d\u671f\u800c\u81ea\u81f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6b32\u884c\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u75c5\u56fd\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u81ea\u4efb\u6c11\u81ea\u7e47\uff0c\u5404\u594b\u5176\u80fd\u59cb\u77e3\u3002[40]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u6cbb\uff0c\u83ab\u8d35\u4e4e\u5d07\u5c1a\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u5219\u7269\u5404\u5f97\u5176\u6240\u81ea\u81f4\uff0c\u800c\u5929\u62e9\u4e4b\u7528\u6700\u5b58\u5176\u5b9c\uff0c\u592a\u5e73\u4e4b\u76db\u53ef\u4e0d\u671f\u800c\u81ea\u81f3\u3002[41]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\uff1a\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u8981\u65e8<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u4e25\u590d\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u592b\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u8a00\uff0c\u771f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53e4\u5723\u8d24\u4e4b\u6240\u6df1\u754f\uff0c\u800c\u4ece\u672a\u5c1d\u7acb\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6559\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u201d[42]\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u6063\u610f\u5984\u4e3a\u7684\u8d2c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0e\u201c\u7fa4\u6cbb\u201d\u622a\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u7ef4\u65b0\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b88\u65e7\u6d3e\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9769\u65b0\u6d3e\uff0c\u90fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u5145\u6ee1\u504f\u89c1\u6216\u66f2\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u987e\u7afa\u65e7\u8005\u65e2\u60ca\u6016\u5176\u8a00\uff0c\u76ee\u4e3a\u6d2a\u6c34\u731b\u517d\u4e4b\u90aa\u8bf4\uff1b\u559c\u65b0\u8005\u53c8\u6063\u8086\u6cdb\u6ee5\uff0c\u8361\u7136\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u4e49\u4e4b\u6240\u5f52\u3002\u201d[43]\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6f84\u6e05\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u65e8\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e16\u4fd7\u504f\u89c1\u548c\u8bef\u89e3\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u9488\u5bf9\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e4b\u89c1\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u9996\u5148\u58f0\u660e\u73b0\u5b9e\u81ea\u7531\u975e\u4f46\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5ea6\u76f8\u80cc\u79bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u6cd5\u5ea6\u6765\u4fdd\u969c\u843d\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u6cd5\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u552f\u6709\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u624d\u662f\u7fa4\u6cbb\u4e4b\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7fa4\u6cbb\u76f8\u62b5\u727e\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u592b\u56fd\u5fc5\u6cd5\u5ea6\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u6c11\u867d\u5408\u7fa4\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u5982\u6545\u3002[44]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5c0f\u5df1\u4e4b\u53d1\u8212\uff0c\u4e0e\u56fd\u7fa4\u4e4b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5fc5\u6709\u5176\u76f8\u5242\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u8651\u4e8e\u7274\u727e\u3002[45]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7eaf\u4e4e\u6cbb\u7406\u800c\u65e0\u81ea\u7e47\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u65e0\u4ece\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u65e0\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u4e14\u4e0d\u5f97\u5b89\u5c45\u3002\u800c\u659f\u914c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u76f8\u5242\u800c\u4e0d\u76f8\u59a8\u8005\uff0c\u6b64\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u5373\u6211\u8f88\u4eca\u65e5\u4e4b\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u3002[46]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u8fd9\u91cc\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u5242\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u975e\u6063\u610f\u5984\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u9644\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u9053\u4e0e\u897f\u6cd5\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u76f8\u4f3c\u8005\uff0c\u66f0\u6055\uff0c\u66f0\u7d5c\u77e9\u201d\u3002[47]\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8981\u65e8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5f52\u7eb3\u5404\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u62bd\u7ece\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e3a\u516c\u4e4b\u754c\u8bf4\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5404\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u4e3a\u57df\u3002\u201d[48]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u552f\u5929\u751f\u6c11\uff0c\u5404\u5177\u8d4b\u7540\uff0c\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\u4e43\u4e3a\u5168\u53d7\u3002\u6545\u4eba\u4eba\u5404\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u56fd\u56fd\u5404\u5f97\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7b2c\u52a1\u4ee4\u6bcb\u76f8\u4fb5\u635f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4fb5\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u8005\uff0c\u65af\u4e3a\u9006\u5929\u7406\uff0c\u8d3c\u4eba\u9053\u3002\u5176\u6740\u4eba\u4f24\u4eba\u53ca\u76d7\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\uff0c\u7686\u4fb5\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u6781\u81f4\u4e5f\u3002[49]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u8bd1\u7a46\u52d2On Liberty\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8981\u65e8\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u3002\uff08\u6b64\u4e66\u539f\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u91ca\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u524d\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\u4e25\u590d\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u91ca\u4e49\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u3002\uff09\u5728\u7a46\u52d2\u539f\u8457\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u6700\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5c31\u662f\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u201cOf the Limits to the Authority of Society over the Individual\u201d\uff0c\u4e25\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u8bba\u56fd\u7fa4\u5c0f\u5df1\u6743\u9650\u4e4b\u5206\u754c\uff08\u4eca\u8bd1\u4e3a\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u662f\u4e25\u590d\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u51dd\u7ec3\u4e0e\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u201c\u7406\u901a\u4ed6\u5236\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u65e8\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u8bba\u00b7\u8bd1\u51e1\u4f8b\u300b\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7a46\u52d2\u6b64\u7bc7\uff0c\u672c\u4e3a\u82f1\u6c11\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6545\u6240\u91cd\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u5df1\u56fd\u7fa4\u4e4b\u5206\u754c\u3002\u7136\u5176\u6240\u8bba\uff0c\u7406\u901a\u4ed6\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4e8b\u5b9c\u4efb\u5c0f\u5df1\u4e4b\u81ea\u7e47\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u95f4\u541b\u4e0a\u8d35\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7686\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u6d89\u8005\u3002[50]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u592b\u81ea\u7e47\u4e4b\u8bf4\u591a\u77e3\uff0c\u975e\u7a46\u52d2\u6c0f\u662f\u7bc7\u6240\u80fd\u5c3d\u4e5f\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u5fc5\u660e\u4e4e\u5df1\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4e4b\u6743\u754c\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u81ea\u7e47\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4e43\u53ef\u7528\u8033\u3002[51]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6309\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5212\u5b9a\u201c\u7fa4\u6743\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u5df1\u6743\u201d\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u7fa4\u6743\u201d\u662f\u56fd\u7fa4\u8282\u5236\u5c0f\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u6743\u529b\uff08the authority of society over the individual\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u5df1\u6743\u201d\u662f\u56fd\u6c11\u81ea\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6743\uff08the individual over himself\uff09\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5730\u4f4d\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e25\u590d\u660e\u8a00\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u7e47\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4e43\u53ef\u7528\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u8868\u660e\u9650\u5b9a\u201c\u7fa4\u6743\u201d\u5bf9\u201c\u5df1\u6743\u201d\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u8303\u56f4\u624d\u662f\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u65e8\u8da3\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u5982\u4f55\u5212\u5b9a\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4f7f\u5c0f\u5df1\u4e0e\u56fd\u7fa4\uff0c\u5404\u4e8b\u5176\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\uff0c\u5219\u4e8c\u8005\u6743\u529b\u4e4b\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u4ea6\u6613\u660e\u4e5f\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u5409\u51f6\u7978\u798f\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u5176\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u8eab\uff0c\u6291\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u5df1\u4e3a\u6700\u5207\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u542c\u5176\u4eba\u4e4b\u81ea\u8c0b\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u5bb3\u6216\u6d89\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u4eba\u5b9c\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8282\u5236\uff0c\u8db3\u4ea6\u6587\u660e\u901a\u4e49\u4e5f\u5df2\u3002[52]<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u53c8\u4ece\u65bd\u7528\u5c42\u9762\u505a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u66f0\u4ee5\u5c0f\u5df1\u800c\u5c45\u56fd\u7fa4\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u884c\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5229\u5bb3\u65e0\u6d89\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8c0b\u4e8e\u5176\u7fa4\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6743\u4ea6\u975e\u5176\u7fa4\u6240\u5f97\u4e0e\uff0c\u5fe0\u544a\u6559\u8bf2\uff0c\u529d\u5956\u907f\u7edd\uff0c\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u5f97\u52a0\u4e8e\u5176\u8eab\u8005\u5c3d\u6b64\u3002\u8fc7\u65af\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u7686\u4e3a\u8511\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4fb5\u5176\u5e94\u4eab\u4e4b\u81ea\u7e47\u6743\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u6240\u8c13\u884c\u5df1\u81ea\u7e47\u4e4b\u4e49\u4e5f\u3002\u4e43\u81f3\u5c0f\u5df1\u6240\u884c\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u52a0\u8bf8\u4eba\uff0c\u7978\u798f\u4e0e\u4eba\u5171\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u6743\u975e\u4e00\u5df1\u6240\u5f97\u4e13\uff0c\u800c\u4e8e\u5176\u7fa4\u4e3a\u5176\u8d23\u3002\u4f7f\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u6240\u89c1\u4fb5\uff0c\u5219\u6e05\u8bae\u90a6\u5178\uff0c\u7686\u53ef\u968f\u8f7b\u91cd\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8b\u4e8e\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u7981\u5236\u5176\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ffe\u5176\u4eba\u65e0\u7531\u4ee5\u81ea\u6063\uff0c\u6b64\u6240\u8c13\u793e\u4f1a\u5e72\u6d89\u4e4b\u4e49\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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\u8fd9\u91cc\u8340\u5b50\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u201c\u660e\u5206\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u73af\u8282\uff1a\u793c\u4e0e\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u201c\u5206\u201d\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cfb\u4e8e\u201c\u793c\u201d\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4ee3\u8868\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u603b\u79f0\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fa8\u83ab\u5927\u4e8e\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u83ab\u5927\u4e8e\u793c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u65e0\u793c\u5219\u4e0d\u6b63\u3002\u793c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6b63\u56fd\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u7ef4\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b\u843d\u5b9e\u4e3a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u201c\u793c\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u9686\u793c\u91cd\u6cd5\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4f7f\u7fa4\u81e3\u767e\u59d3\u7686\u4ee5\u5236\u5ea6\u884c\u201d[72]\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7fa4\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u5fc5\u987b\u4f9d\u9760\u5b9e\u9645\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4f46\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u7a7a\u81c6\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u6709\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u793c\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5206\u4f55\u4ee5\u80fd\u884c\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6bd4\u201c\u793c\u201d\u66f4\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e0d\u77e5\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e49\u800c\u6b63\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6570\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u535a\uff0c\u4e34\u4e8b\u5fc5\u4e71\u3002\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u541b\u9053\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\uff0c\u5219\u4f25\u4f25\u7136\uff1b\u6709\u6cd5\u800c\u65e0\u5fd7\u5176\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u6e20\u6e20\u7136 (\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u4fee\u8eab\u300b)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6709\u592b\u5206\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u5bb9\u5929\u4e0b\u800c\u6cbb\uff1b\u65e0\u5206\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u4e00\u59bb\u4e00\u59be\u800c\u4e71\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5927\u7565\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5408\u4e4e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u201c\u5206\u201d\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001\u600e\u4e48\u201c\u5206\u201d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u548c\u8c10\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u201c\u5206\u201d\u4e0d\u5408\u4e4e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u7269\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e89\u4e71\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\u201c\u5206\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u5206\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u793c\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u5426\u201c\u5f97\u4e4b\u5206\u4e49\u201d\u624d\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3001\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u4f55\u4e3a\u201c\u4e49\u201d\uff1f[73]\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u9002\u5b9c\u3001\u9002\u5f53\u3001\u5408\u9002\u3001\u5408\u7406\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u7b49\u610f\u5473\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f26\u7406\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5386\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e5f\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6db5\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u8bae\u5175\u300b\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5faa\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5373\u5408\u7406\uff08rational\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u796d\u4e49\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u6b64\u8005\u4e5f\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5373\u9002\u5b9c\uff08fit\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b66\u800c\u300b\u90a2\u663a\u758f\uff1a\u201c\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5408\u5b9c\u4e3a\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5373\u5408\u9002\uff08suitable\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5177\u4f53\u5c31\u201c\u5206\u4e49\u201d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u201c\u5206\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u9002\u5b9c\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5206\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4f26\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab\u7edd\u975e\u4e00\u6f6d\u6b7b\u6c34\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u53d8\u8fc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u9700\u8981\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u603b\u662f\u5177\u6709\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u5206\u4e49\u201d\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e3a\u201c\u65f6\u5b9c\u201d\uff08\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5730\u5b9c\u201d\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u76f8\u80cc\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u5206\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u7b26\u5408\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4ee5\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u5c45\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u201c\u793c\u201d\u4e5f\u5c31\u52bf\u5fc5\u968f\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u65ad\u635f\u76ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u793c\u6709\u635f\u76ca\u201d\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7531\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u660e\u5206\u201d\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5206\u4ee5\u4e49\u884c\u201d\u8fdb\u800c\u201c\u7531\u4e49\u5236\u793c\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u8340\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u592b\u793c\u4e49\u4e4b\u5206\u5c3d\u77e3\uff0c\u64c5\u8ba9\u6076\u7528\u77e3\u54c9\uff1f\u201d[74]\u201c\u7686\u4f7f\u4eba\u8f7d\u5176\u4e8b\u800c\u5404\u5f97\u5176\u5b9c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u60ab\u7984\u591a\u5c11\u539a\u8584\u4e4b\u79f0\uff0c\u662f\u592b\u7fa4\u5c45\u548c\u4e00\u4e4b\u9053\u4e5f\u3002\u201d[75]\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u6b63\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u4ee5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8fdb\u8def\u5b89\u987f\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \uff08\u4e09\uff09\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u7fa4\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6f14\u7ece<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e25\u590d\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u5112\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u660e\u5206\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7fa4\u6cbb\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6f14\u8fdb\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u7279\u8d28\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7fa4\u5df1\u6743\u754c\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u5206\u4e49\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e25\u590d\u4ee5\u201c\u5929\u6f14\u8bba\u201d\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5177\u6709\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u603b\u662f\u968f\u201c\u5916\u5883\u201d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e2a\u4eba\u79ef\u805a\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u76f8\u5408\u4e3a\u7fa4\u201d\uff0c[76]\u56e0\u6b64\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u4ef7\u503c\u8bc9\u6c42\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u5fc5\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6545\u4e0d\u77e5\u4eba\u6027\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a00\u7fa4\u3002\u800c\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u5929\u6f14\uff0c\u751f\u5b66\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8e\u7fa4\u5b66\u8a00\u5176\u5408\u8005\uff0c\u4e8e\u751f\u5b66\u8a00\u5176\u5206\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5206\u8005\u65e0\u4ee5\u77e5\u5408\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4eba\u8005\u65e0\u4ee5\u77e5\u7fa4\u3002\u4eba\u6027\u8005\u751f\u5b66\u4e4b\u7389\u632f\uff0c\u800c\u7fa4\u5b66\u4e4b\u91d1\u58f0\u4e5f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2026\u2026\u4eba\u8005\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u4e3a\u5584\u53d8\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u81ea\u5176\u5584\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u53d8\u5e38\u53d7\u6210\u4e8e\u6240\u906d\u4e4b\u5916\u5883\u3002\u4e14\u6240\u8c13\u5916\u5883\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8005\u65e0\u8bba\u5df2\uff0c\u6240\u6700\u91cd\u8005\uff0c\u53c8\u5373\u5728\u5176\u7fa4\u4e4b\u6240\u81ea\u4e3a\uff0c\u662f\u6545\u6b32\u8a00\u6cbb\u529f\uff0c\u5fc5\u901a\u592b\u53d8\u4e4b\u7406\u3002\u53d8\u4e4b\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u51e1\u6709\u8840\u6c14\u6240\u83ab\u80fd\u5916\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u4e0d\u901a\u592b\u53d8\u4e4b\u7406\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4e5f\uff0c\u5fc5\u6106\u4e8e\u601d\u800c\u6096\u4e8e\u4e8b\u3002\uff08\u300a\u7fa4\u5b66\u8084\u8a00\u300b[77]\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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