{"id":625241,"date":"2024-11-08T08:01:27","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T00:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/625241.html"},"modified":"2024-11-09T06:03:40","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T22:03:40","slug":"%e6%9d%a8%e4%ba%91%e9%ac%af%ef%bc%9a%e6%b0%91%e6%97%8f%e5%bf%97%e4%b8%8e%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8f%e6%b0%91%e7%94%b5%e5%bd%b1%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%b8%e4%ba%92%e8%9e%8d%e5%90%88%e7%9a%84%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%ae%9e-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/625241.html","title":{"rendered":"\u6768\u4e91\u9b2f\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/c59c495d38e3a1ed95312f4383bf5df6.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\u6768\u4e91\u9b2f\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1f\" title=\"\u6768\u4e91\u9b2f\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1f\u7f29\u7565\u56fe\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5212\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u754c\u9650\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u91cf\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e92\u4e3a\u878d\u5408\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u8868\u5f81\u5371\u673a\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8868\u5f81\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u4e5f\u5171\u540c\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u7531\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u6770\u5c14(Alfred Gell)\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u5f97\u80fd\u52a8\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u9891\u7e41\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5a92\u4f53\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5173 \u952e \u8bcd\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71 &nbsp;\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71 &nbsp;\u5a92\u4f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66 &nbsp;\u8868\u5f81\u5371\u673a &nbsp;\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71(ethnographic film)\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71(indigenous film)\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bb9\u6216\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u59cb\u7ec8\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa\u201c\u4e00\u5200\u5207\u201d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8b\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u6bd4\u8f83\u6240\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6cd5\u3002\u2460\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u5f71\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u628a\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u6240\u4ea4\u5f80\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6216\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u8fb9\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4eba\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8bfe\u5802\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u8282\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u6216\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u89c6\u5a92\u4f53\u5411\u666e\u901a\u6c11\u4f17\u64ad\u9001\u3002\u800c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u83f2\u00b7\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c(Faye Ginsberg)\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8457\u4f5c\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u2461\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5e76\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u548c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u7531\u897f\u65b9\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u6709\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a\u4e24\u8005\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7686\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5904\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u3002\u4f46\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5728\u201c\u76d8\u5265\u201d(exploiting)\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5219\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u5f81\u201d(self-representation)\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u2462\u7136\u800c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u7740\u4e8c\u8005\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9650\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e00\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u56f0\u5883<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5168\u7136\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u5982\u5361\u5c14\u00b7G.\u6d77\u5fb7(Karl G.Heider)\u548c\u6770\u4f0a\u00b7\u9c81\u6bd4(Jay Ruby)\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u770b\u4f5c\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u79cd\u7c7b(genres)\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u632f\u632f\u6709\u8bcd\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u597d\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6d77\u5fb7\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6027\u201d(ethnographicness)\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6027\u201d\u5219\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7531\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u88ab\u89c4\u8303\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u89c6\u91ce\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u2463\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5fc5\u987b\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u7535\u5f71\u6444\u5236\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5fc5\u987b\u53d6\u5f97\u4f18\u5148\u6743\u201d\u2464\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u5236\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9c81\u6bd4\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u62c5\u5fc3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u9000\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u80a4\u6d45\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u88ab\u6ee5\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u5212\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u634d\u536b\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u2465\u5728\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u9c81\u6bd4\u548c\u5fb7\u7075\u987f(Matthew Durington)\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u65f6\u867d\u7136\u627f\u8ba4\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u548c\u5185\u6db5\u5747\u5e7f\u9614\u800c\u4e0d\u5b9c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee5\u65e9\u5148\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u53f2\u4e3a\u84dd\u672c\u7684\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bba\u8bc1\u5219\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9c81\u6bd4\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u672a\u5c31\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u6709\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u2466\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6d77\u5fb7\u548c\u9c81\u6bd4\u90fd\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u770b\u4f5c\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u53ca\u8fb9\u8fdc\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u201c\u66f4\u52a0\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u201d\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u201c\u8868\u5f81\u5371\u673a\u201d(crisis of representation)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u6cd5\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u88ab\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u58f0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u4e00\u822c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u201c\u88ab\u6444\u8005\u201d\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u76ca\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u83f2\u00b7\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\u662f\u6700\u70ed\u8877\u4e8e\u4eb2\u8eab\u53c2\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u81ea20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5979\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\uff1a\u6d6e\u58eb\u5fb7\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u8fd8\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6751\uff1f\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\u5979\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u4e0e\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u201c\u5a92\u4f53\u666f\u89c2\u201d\u2467\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5a92\u4ecb\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u767b\u4e0a\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5f20\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u5883\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u2468\u5979\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c5\u5fc3\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5931\u53bb\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\u5219\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u51fb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u3002\u2469\u7531\u4e8e\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5728\u5176\u540e\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u4f1a\u56de\u5230\u5979\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5979\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e8c\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba8\u8bba\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u518d\u6b21\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5374\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u201c\u6df7\u4e71\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7f6e\u4e8e\u975e\u6b64\u5373\u5f7c\u7684\u5883\u5730\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u7b80\u77ed\u5730\u56de\u987e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5386\u53f2\u4e5f\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u968f\u7740\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u542f\u201c\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u201d(Anthropology of mass media)(11)\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u4e00\u76f4\u5784\u65ad\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u867d\u8bf4\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ece\u672a\u6210\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7531\u767d\u7eb8\u9ed1\u5b57\u6240\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5219\u786e\u5b9e\u6210\u529f\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4ec5\u5217\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5fd7\u8da3\uff1a\u739b\u683c\u4e3d\u7279\u00b7\u7c73\u5fb7(Margret Mead)\u548c\u683c\u91cc\u9ad8\u5229\u00b7\u8d1d\u7279\u68ee(Gregory Bateson)\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u7528\u6444\u5f71\u548c\u6444\u50cf\u53d6\u4ee3\u624b\u5199\u7684\u7530\u91ce\u7b14\u8bb0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff1b(12)\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9a6c\u6b47\u5c14(John Marshall)(13)\u548c\u63d0\u6469\u897f\u00b7\u963f\u4ec0(Timothy Asch)(14)\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5f55\u50cf\u5e26\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8bfe\u5802\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u5b66\u6750\u6599\uff1b\u8ba9\u00b7\u9c81\u4ec0(Jean Rouch)(15)\u548c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3(Robert Gardner)(16)\u5206\u522b\u5728\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u6781\u5177\u4e2a\u4eba\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c(David MacDougall)\u5728\u8fd1\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u90fd\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u575a\u6301\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u4f5c\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bdd\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u4e43\u81f3\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5374\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u754c\u642d\u5efa\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6cbf\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u53bb\u8c08\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b66\u79d1\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u653b\u8ba6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9c81\u4ec0\u548c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u4ee5\u5916(\u524d\u8005\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7535\u5f71\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u53cb\u8c0a\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u5047\u5b9a\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u6444\u8005\u672c\u8eab\uff1b\u800c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u5173\u6ce8\u7740\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ea\u70c1\u7740\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u7ecf\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u955c\u5934\u800c\u88ab\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u6444\u50cf\u673a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u5f81\u81ea\u5df1\uff1f\u5f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u5668\u8868\u5f81\u81ea\u5df1\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c8\u5e94\u5f53\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4f55\u79cd\u7acb\u573a\uff1f\u5f53\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u754c\u88ab\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u201c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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Project)\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u89c6\u53f0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e2d\u90e8\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u3002(17)\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u83f2\u00b7\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\u3001\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c(David MacDougall)\u3001\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u65af(Eric Michaels)\u548c\u5f17\u83b1\u5fb7\u00b7\u8fc8\u8036\u65af(Fred Myers)\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u505a\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u64b0\u6587\u63cf\u5199\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u5730\u65b0\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u5411\u540e\u8005\u5bfb\u6c42\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u4e43\u81f3\u827a\u672f\u5728\u5185\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff1a\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5411\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u53ef\u6c9f\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4fa7\u91cd\u70b9\u6709\u6240\u5dee\u522b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\u5728\u5a92\u4ecb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0a\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u66f4\u52a0\u57fa\u7840\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u9769\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5979\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4ea4\u6362\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u4e0e\u975e\u897f\u65b9\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u3002\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e92\u52a8\u884c\u4e3a\u5747\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u5bf9\u538b\u6291\u548c\u62b5\u6297\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u3001\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5b9e\u8df5\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u897f\u5f0f\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u523a\u6fc0\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u53bb\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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Studies\uff0cAIAS\uff0c\u5373\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u4e0e\u6258\u96f7\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u96f7\u5fb7\u5c9b\u5b66\u4f1a\uff0cAIATSIS)\u5236\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u5f88\u5c11\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u91c7\u8bbf\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u5230\u201c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u90a3\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u6bd4\u8d77\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u6bd4\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u548c\u5916\u6765\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u53cd\u6620\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 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Grierson)(21)\u548c\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u7ef4\u5c14\u6258\u592b(Dziga Vertov)(22)\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u4eba\u7269\u5f53\u4f5c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5ba3\u793a\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c(23)\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u6bd4\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u4e3b\u89c2\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u5bf9\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u5236\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71(observational cinema)\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e0d\u52a0\u6279\u5224\u5730\u5957\u7528\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\u8ba9\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u9677\u5165\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u826f\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u89c2\u8005\u3001\u88ab\u89c2\u8005\u548c\u89c2\u4f17\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71(participatory cinema)\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u7535\u5f71\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7535\u5f71\u8fd9\u4e00\u2018\u4e8b\u4ef6\u2019\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u8005\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7535\u5f71\u62fc\u547d\u60f3\u8981\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u5ba3\u544a\uff0c\u4ed6(\u6216\u5979)\u5373\u5c06\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6587\u5316\u76f4\u63a5\u5448\u73b0\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u3002(24)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u968f\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u79f0\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u5e94\u5f53\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u76f4\u9762\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5916\u6765\u8005\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u786e\u5b9e\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5\u300a\u518d\u89c1\uff0c\u8001\u4eba\u300b(25)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5176\u540e\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u81ea\u7136\u6709\u6240\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u838e\u62c9\u00b7\u5e73\u514b(Sarah Pink)\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u5b8c\u5168\u843d\u5165\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u88ab\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u624b\u4e2d\u201d(26)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u201c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u201d\u4e3b\u8981\u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e00\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300a\u518d\u89c1\uff0c\u8001\u4eba\u300b\u8fd9\u90e8\u5b8c\u6574\u5448\u73b0\u4e86\u9a6c\u5c14\u7ef4\u5c14\u5c9b(Melvill Island)\u4e0a\u4e00\u4f4d\u9898\u7ef4(Tiwi)\u7537\u5b50\u846c\u793c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5728\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u770b\u6765\u5df2\u7136\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u89c2\u5bdf\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u4e86\u3002(27)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u300a\u518d\u89c1\uff0c\u8001\u4eba\u300b\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4ece\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5230\u5c3e\u58f0\u7684\u987a\u65f6\u7ae0\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u662f\u5e94\u6b7b\u8005\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u800c\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u90fd\u6e05\u695a\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u7684\u5b58\u5728(\u7136\u800c\u6b7b\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5)\u3002\u5728\u6574\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8ba9\u89c2\u4f17\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u58f0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u89c2\u4f17\u80fd\u591f\u542c\u5230\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4eea\u5f0f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u62cd\u6444\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u50cf\u6444\u5f71\u673a\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u6253\u65ad\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u65c1\u767d\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5982\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u6b7b\u9e1f\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65c1\u767d\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u77e5\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u5bf9\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u8bf4\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf4\u7740\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u65c1\u767d\u5374\u6709\u7740\u6d53\u91cd\u7684\u5f53\u5730\u53e3\u97f3\uff0c\u4f20\u8fbe\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u53d1\u58f0\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u4f4d\u59ff\u6001\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u60bc\u5ff5\u4ea1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5c3d\u7ba1\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u9690\u85cf\u4ed6\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u6700\u7ec8\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u6548\u679c\u90fd\u4e0e\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u53cd\u6027(reflexivity)\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u543b\u5408\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6309\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u9010\u6b65\u8bb0\u5f55\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5c42\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f71\u7247\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u201c\u4f9d\u5170\u59ae\u4e9a\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u4eea\u5f0f\u524d\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u821e\u8e48\u8868\u6f14\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7528\u6251\u514b\u724c\u548c\u7eb8\u5e01\u8d4c\u535a\u7684\u955c\u5934\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u90fd\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u6839\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u754c\u7684\u5377\u70df\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u955c\u5934\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u628a\u73a9\u76f4\u5347\u98de\u673a\u73a9\u5177\u7684\u5c0f\u7537\u5b69\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u73a9\u6a21\u578b\u8f66\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u4e4b\u7269\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ece\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u4eea\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u533a\u5f92\u6b65\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u8def\u624d\u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u4e3b\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u6d77\u6ee9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u8f86\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u4e30\u7530\u5361\u8f66\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u4ee3\u6b65\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u524d\u5f80\u6d77\u6ee9\u7684\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5723\u5730\u505c\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5927\u58f0\u6b4c\u5531\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6b4c\u8c23\u3002\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u5916\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6240\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u897f\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u548c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u793a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bbd\u523a\u6216\u54c0\u53f9\u6587\u5316\u539f\u771f\u6027\u7684\u901d\u53bb\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u73b0\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8236\u6765\u54c1\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u4e43\u81f3\u5438\u7eb3\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5411\u89c2\u4f17\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u975e\u673a\u68b0\u3001\u5355\u5411\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u50cf\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e00\u6837\u5411\u89c2\u4f17\u704c\u8f93\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4ed6\u8005\u201d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1b\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5f71\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u628a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u5ba2\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5bfb\u6c42\u897f\u65b9\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u8fd8\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6df1\u5ea6\u719f\u8651\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u201c\u4efb\u52a1\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u6559\u5f0f\u7684\u3001\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u53bb\u8ba8\u8bba\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u7684\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u610f\u5473\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u4ece\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\u90fd\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\uff0c\u5373\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4ed6\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u201c\u5e0c\u671b\u53bb\u6fc0\u8d77\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u5f80\u4ec5\u4ec5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u201d(28)\u3002\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u603b\u662f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u770b\u4f3c\u88ab\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b64\u7acb\u4e86\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e25\u91cd\u5730\u201c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u201d\u8fc7\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bfb\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u9884\u8bbe\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u59ff\u6001\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u2026\u2026\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5199\u4f5c\u8005\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u53bb\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53bb\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u884c\u4e3a\u4fbf\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e66\u5199\u4e4b\u7f51\u7684\u6f0f\u7f51\u4e4b\u9c7c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5f97\u6108\u52a0\u4e0d\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3002(29)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u4e66\u5199\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u5c55\u793a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u5728\u5448\u73b0\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6587\u5316\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u6444\u5f71\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u5c55\u793a\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u4e66\u5199\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6240\u9690\u85cf\u4e86\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u4e0e\u5362\u9521\u5b89\u00b7\u6cf0\u52d2(Lucien Taylor)\u7684\u5bf9\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c55\u73b0\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5177\u8eab\u6027(physicality)\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u201d(30)\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u91cd\u65b0\u786e\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7530\u91ce\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u884c\u52a8(31)\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u8854\u63a5\u65e5\u8bb0\u300b(32)\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u5f00\u573a\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u8001\u7167\u7247\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5168\u7247\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5386\u53f2\u8bed\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65e0\u58f0\u5374\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u8868\u73b0\u4e86\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u529b\u91cf(power of demonstration)\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u5e73\u94fa\u76f4\u53d9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u4e0a\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u670d\u9970\u548c\u88c5\u626e\uff0c\u4e3a\u89c2\u4f17\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u5728\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u89c6\u89d2\u8868\u73b0\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8fd8\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf(\u5305\u62ec\u7167\u7247\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u89c6\u89c9\u5a92\u4ecb)\u6216\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u5f81\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u7684\u533a\u5206\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8005\u548c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u4e66\u5199\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u8bed\u8bcd\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u7740\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u53bb\u63ed\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0a\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u5f0f\u88ab\u7ed3\u6784\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u56fe\u50cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u5c11\u5c55\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u7269(\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5177\u6709\u201c\u6587\u5316\u5c5e\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\u66f4\u52a0\u201c\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u201d\u4e1c\u897f)\uff0c\u5c31\u5e38\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b21\u8981\u800c\u975e\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u51fb\u9053\uff0c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u827a\u672f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f30\u91cf\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002(33)<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u5f81\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u6bd4\u91d1\u65af\u535a\u683c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u5dee\u65e0\u51e0\u4e86\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u4e8c\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6d78\u6deb\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u62d8\u6ce5\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u7f6e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u3001\u63a2\u8ba8\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u53bb\u505a\u51fa\u5173\u4e8e\u975e\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u548c\u4eba\u5728\u72ec\u5904\u65f6\u7684\u5927\u6bb5\u65f6\u5149\u201d(34)\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u754c\u5b9a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6216\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u53cc\u65b9\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u878d\u5408\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u56db\u3001\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9677\u9631<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5206\u522b\u8ffd\u6eaf\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8d77\u6e90\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0a\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u201c\u76f8\u878d\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u201d\u6216\u201c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u201d\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7684\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u8bef\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u8bef\u533a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u53ca\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u4e92\u63a3\u8098\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u653e\u5230\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6216\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u67d0\u4e9b\u4eba\u201c\u5236\u9020\u201d\u6216\u201c\u751f\u4ea7\u201d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u548c\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u5171\u540c\u5236\u4f5c\uff0c\u662f\u534f\u5546\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u8005(social agents)\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u7ecf\u5386\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u786e\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u7a81\u7834\u201c\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\u4e4b\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u5728\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u95f4\u5f71\u54cd\u5e76\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u97e6\u6069\u00b7\u5df4\u514b(Wayne Barker)\u3002\u4ed6\u57281994\u5e74(35)\u548c2002\u5e74(36)\u7684\u4e24\u90e8\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u91c7\u7528\u65c1\u767d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u514d\u8001\u5957\uff0c\u4f46\u624b\u6301\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u7684\u8fd1\u8ddd\u79bb\u62cd\u6444\u5219\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u80de\u4eec\u6709\u7740\u4eb2\u5bc6\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u5927\u91cf\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5219\u900f\u9732\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u52bf\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u611f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u90e8\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u534f\u4f1a(Central Australian Aboriginal Media Association\uff0cCAAMA)\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ca\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u539f\u672c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bc9\u6c42\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5a31\u4e50\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u751a\u81f3\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u8fd9\u4e00\u7535\u5f71\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9608\u9650\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u6c83\u5a01\u514b\u00b7\u6851\u987f(Warwick Thornton)\u7684\u5267\u60c5\u957f\u7247\u300a\u8d5b\u95e8\u548c\u9edb\u5229\u62c9\u300b(37)\u7531\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u6f14\u5458\u4e3b\u6f14\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u9752\u5e74\u7537\u5973\u7684\u666e\u901a\u751f\u6d3b\u53ca\u7f8e\u597d\u7231\u60c5\u3002\u4ee5\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u4e5f\u7f62\uff1b\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u4e5f\u597d\uff0c\u5267\u60c5\u7247\u4e5f\u7f62\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u6216\u547d\u540d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8003\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u5f71\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u5f71\u80cc\u540e\u5f97\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u501f\u827e\u8389\u68ee\u00b7\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u6587\u5316\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u56de\u5230\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u4e4b\u878d\u5408\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u673a\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u533a\u548c\u65f6\u95f4(\u7f8e\u56fd20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u628a\u5979\u7684\u5168\u5957\u8bba\u8ff0\u673a\u68b0\u5730\u642c\u7528\u5230\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u662f\u5979\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u90e8\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5979\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5979\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u201d(\u800c\u975e\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6027\u201d)(38)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5224\u65ad\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5212\u5b9a\u754c\u9650\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5979\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u2026\u2026\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6307\u7531\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u4e1a\u4f59\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u4eba\u521b\u4f5c\u7684\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u3002\u201d\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7edf\u4e00\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u770b\u6210\u201c\u4e00\u79cd\u4e00\u822c\u5316\u548c\u5206\u6563\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u7535\u5f71\u5a92\u4ecb\u53bb\u8868\u8fbe\u5173\u4e8e\u65cf\u7fa4\u548c\u6587\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b64\u7acb\u7684(autonomous)\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u7c7b\u578b\u201d(39)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u62d8\u4e00\u683c\u3001\u6d77\u7eb3\u767e\u5ddd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u6709\u7740\u503c\u5f97\u8d5e\u540c\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u5bfc\u8a00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5979\u5bf9\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u5bbd\u6cdb\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u51dd\u89c6(western gaze)\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u5f81\u90fd\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u201d(wondrous difference)\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u201c\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u60ca\u5947\u53c8\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u53d7\u5728\u5c81\u6708\u957f\u6cb3\u4e2d\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u5bf9\u5927\u6279\u63cf\u7ed8\u9065\u8fdc\u548c\u5f02\u57df\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u9759\u6001\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f71\u50cf\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u89c2\u4f17\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u201d(40)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u65af\u548c\u8fc8\u8036\u65af\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5f88\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u5316\u7684\u4ed6\u8005\u5f62\u8c61\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u60f3\u8981\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u4e16\u754c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u90a3\u79cd\u897f\u65b9\u89c2\u4f17\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u201c\u5947\u7279\u6027\u201d(41)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5f71\u50cf\u548c\u4e66\u5199\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e4b\u95f4\u540a\u8be1\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fe\u50cf\u65e2\u8865\u5145\u53c8\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u4e86\u4e66\u5199\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5f71\u50cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6216\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u522b\u6765\u770b\u7684\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8bed\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u867d\u7136\u5173\u4e8e\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4e89\u8bba\u6e90\u81ea\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5207\u5165\u70b9\u5374\u5e76\u975e\u8981\u8bc4\u4ef7\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u66f4\u597d\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u53d6\u5f97\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u8005(the representing\uff0c\u5373\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005)\u548c\u88ab\u8868\u5f81\u8005(the represented\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u89c2\u4f17\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4fbf\u88ab\u9057\u6f0f\u4e86\u3002\u7535\u5f71\u4e3a\u8c01\u800c\u62cd\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u88ab\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u7eaa\u5f55\u7247\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u76ee\u6807\u89c2\u4f17\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u5473\u6765\u5f97\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u5236\u4f5c\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6b62\u4ece\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u523b\u610f\u53bb\u8fce\u5408\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5982\u5728\u5361\u57ad\u5761(Kayapo)\u4eba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u524d\u7a7f\u4e0a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u670d\u9970\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u4f20\u7edf\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5411\u89c2\u4f17\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89c9\u5316\u7684\u56e2\u7ed3\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u53eb\u505c\u5f53\u5730\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5361\u57ad\u5761\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5efa\u9020\u5927\u575d\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\u3002\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u5e55\u662f\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u548c\u4e00\u540d\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u540c\u4e58\u4e00\u8239\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u90a3\u4f4d\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7537\u5b50\u5bf9\u7740\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u6307\u6325\u62cd\u6444\u8005\u62cd\u8fd9\u62cd\u90a3\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7535\u5f71\u955c\u5934\u5411\u4ed6\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u2014\u2014\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u5bb6\u56ed\u7684\u5883\u51b5\u3002(42)\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u6216\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u591a\u65b9\u4e92\u52a8\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u80fd\u52a8\u8005\u3001\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u88ab\u62cd\u6444\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u89c2\u4f17\uff0c\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7684\u590d\u5408\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u201c\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u201d(index)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u201c\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u6cd5\u6e90\u81ea\u963f\u5c14\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7\u6770\u5c14(Alfred Gell)\u3002\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u80fd\u52a8\u8005\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6770\u5c14\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u89c2\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u67d0\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406(causal inference)\u6216\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d(43)\u3002\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u8868\u5f81\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u6000\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u5728\u8367\u5e55\u524d\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u89c2\u4f17\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u4e5f\u66fe\u7ecf\u628a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u3001\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u4e0b\u4e3a\u89c2\u4f17\u5448\u73b0\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u201c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002(44)\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u5bf9\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6307\u793a\u6027\u7b26\u53f7\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u5371\u673a\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u4e8c\u8005\u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8ffd\u6eaf\u53ca\u56de\u987e\u89c6\u89c9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5bf9\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u671f\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671d\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6df1\u5165\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3002\u4ece\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u840c\u82bd\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u8868\u5f81\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u770b\u4f3c\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u4f46\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u592b\u5987\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f0f\u7535\u5f71\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u65e0\u9700\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7edd\u5bf9\u62c6\u5206\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u5f71\u50cf\u7edf\u4e00\u770b\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5a92\u4f53\u53ca\u7535\u5f71\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0e\u9a6c\u5ea6\u683c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u4e0e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u878d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u5f00\u542f\u65b0\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u8868\u5f81\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6307\u793a\u7b26\u53f7\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2460Heider,K.Ethnographic Film,revised edition,Austin:university of Texas Press,2006,p.4.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2461Ginsberg,F.Indigenous media:Faustian contract or global village? Cultural Anthropology.1991,6(1):92-112; Ginsburg,F.Aboriginal media and the Australian imaginary.Public Culture.1993,5(3):557-578; Ginsberg,F.Mediating culture:indigenous media,ethnographic film,and production of identity.In The Anthropology of Media:a reader(eds.K.Askew and R.Wilk),London:Blackwell Publishers,2002.; Ginsburg,F.Native intelligence:a short history of debates on indigenous media and ethnographic film\u201d,in Made to be Seen:perspectives on the history of visual anthropology(eds.M.Banks and J.Ruby),2011.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1991,pp.234-255.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2462Ginsberg,F.Indigenous media:Faustian contract or global village?.Cultural Anthropology.6(1):92-112; Michaels,E.1986.Aboriginal Invention of Television in Central Australia:1982-1986.Canberra:Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies,1991,pp.36-37.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2463\u2464Heider,K.Ethnographic Film,revised edition,Austin:University of Texas Press,2006,pp.8-10\u3001p.3.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 \u2465Ruby,J.Picturing Culture:explorations of film &amp; 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Turn-of-the-century Visual Culture.New York:Columbia University Press,2002,p.XXVII\u3001p.XXIX\u3001p.XIX.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 (41)Prins,H.Visual media and the primitivist perplex:colonial fantasies,indigenous imagination and advocacy in North America.In Media Worlds:Anthropology on New Terrain(eds.F.Ginsburg,L.Abu-Lughod and B.Larkin),Berkeley,Los Angeles,London:University of California Press,2002,pp.58-74.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 (42)Turner,T.Representation,politics,and cultural imagination in indigenous video:general points and Kayapo examples.In Media Worlds:Anthropology on New Terrain(eds.F.Ginsburg,L.Abu-Lughod and B.Larkin),Berkeley,Los Angeles,London:University of California Press,2002,pp.75-89.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 (43)Gell,A.Art and Agency:An Anthropological Theory,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1995,p.13<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000 (44)MacDougall,D.MacDougall,J.,Barbash,I.and Taylor,L.Radically empirical documentary:an interview with David and Judith MacDougall.Film Quarterly,2000,54(2):p.8.<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u3000\u3000 \u5185\u5bb9\u63d0\u8981\uff1a\u6c11\u65cf\u5fd7\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7535\u5f71\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u5c42\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5212\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u754c\u9650 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":629837,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-625241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gonglue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/625241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=625241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/625241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":629839,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/625241\/revisions\/629839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/629837"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=625241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=625241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=625241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}