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1. \u9752\u5c9b\u6c49\u753b\u50cf\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n

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1\u3001\u5927\u6cfd\u5c71\u77f3\u523b\u53ca\u667a\u85cf\u5bfa\u5893\u5854\u6797<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u516d\u66f2\u5c71\u5893\u7fa4<\/p>\n

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3\u3001\u7530\u6a2a\u4e94\u767e\u4e49\u58eb\u5893<\/p>\n

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4\u3001\u5c0f\u6865\u5893\u7fa4<\/p>\n

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5\u3001\u738b\u5409\u5893\u7fa4<\/p>\n

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6\u3001\u9752\u5c9b\u571f\u5c71\u5c6f\u5893\u7fa4<\/p>\n

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7\u3001\u8d22\u8d1d\u6c9f\u4e1c\u5468\u5893\u7fa4<\/p>\n

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8\u3001\u57ce\u9633\u6c49\u5893\u7fa4<\/p>\n

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9\u3001\u5218\u82e5\u62d9\u5893<\/p>\n

\u5218\u82e5\u62d9\u5893\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e\u5317\u5b8b\uff0c\u5143\u3001\u660e\u4e24\u4ee3\u66fe\u91cd\u4fee\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4fdd\u5b58\u5c1a\u597d\u3002\u5218\u82e5\u62d9\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u4ea6\u5f80\u6765\u4e8e\u5373\u58a8\u57ce\u4e1c\u95e8\u5916\u4e4b\u9ad8\u771f\u5bab\u5e03\u9053\u8bb2\u7ecf\u3002\u5b8b\u592a\u5b97\u6df3\u5316\u4e8c\u5e74\u8f9b\u536f(991\u5e74)\u814a\u6708\uff0c\u5218\u82e5\u62d9\u901d\u4e8e\u5373\u58a8\uff0c\u636e\u300a\u5d02\u5c71\u5fd7\u300b\u8f7d\uff0c\u5218\u82e5\u62d9\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5f92\u62e9\u5730\u846c\u4e4b\uff0c\u5893\u5728\u9ad8\u771f\u5bab\u524d\u3002\u5218\u82e5\u62d9\u5893\uff0c\u73b0\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u5373\u58a8\u4e1c\u5173\u5c0f\u5b66(\u5373\u9ad8\u771f\u5bab\u65e7\u5740)\u9662\u5185\uff0c\u5893\u9ad8\u7ea61.5\u7c73\uff0c\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea64\u7c73\uff0c\u5c01\u571f\u5448\u5706\u9525\u5f62\u3002\u5893\u524d\u7acb\u77f3\u8d28\u5893\u7891\u4e00\u5ea7\uff0c\u7891\u9633\u954c\u523b\u6977\u4e66\u201c\u660e\u4e07\u5386\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u4e00\u65e5\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u4e2d\u4e3a\u201c\u5143\u6555\u5c01\u534e\u76d6\u5218\u771f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5893\u201d\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b3e\u201c\u5373\u58a8\u77e5\u4e8b\u9601\u5173\u4e2d\u674e\u594e\u7acb\u201d\u3002 1982\u5e74\uff0c\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u5373\u58a8\u57ce\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u5217\u4e3a\u5e02\u7ea7\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u9752\u5c9b\u7f8e\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5fb7\u5e73\u8def\u4e00\u53f7\uff0c\u767e\u7c73\u5c55\u53f0\u8bc9\u8bf4\u4e86\u9752\u5c9b\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u7814\u5b66\u6027\uff0c\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\u6765\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u8001\u4e00\u8f88\u9752\u5c9b\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8001\u670b\u53cb\u6765\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5fc6\u7ae5\u5e74\u5f80\u4e8b\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf4\u53bb\u4e86\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u535a\u7269\u9986\u771f\u662f\u7ae5\u53df\u65e0\u6b3a\u554a\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u9752\u5c9b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8d44\u6599<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u9752\u5c9b\u5317\u7ad9\u81f3\u9752\u5c9b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e58\u8f66\u8def\u7ebf\uff1a\u5730\u94c13\u53f7\u7ebf \u2192 \u5730\u94c12\u53f7\u7ebf \u2192 \u5730\u94c111\u53f7\u7ebf\u5168\u7a0b15.0\u516c\u91cc\u9752\u5c9b\u5317\u7ad9\u6b65\u884c\u7ea6510\u7c73,\u5230\u8fbe\u9752\u5c9b\u5317\u7ad9 \u4e58\u5750\u5730\u94c13\u53f7\u7ebf,\u7ecf\u8fc74\u7ad9, \u5230\u8fbe\u674e\u6751\u7ad9\u6b65\u884c\u7ea6290\u7c73,\u6362\u4e58\u5730\u94c12\u53f7\u7ebf \u4e58\u5750\u5730\u94c12\u53f7\u7ebf,\u7ecf\u8fc76\u7ad9, \u5230\u8fbe\u82d7\u5cad\u8def\u7ad9\u6b65\u884c\u7ea690\u7c73,\u6362\u4e58\u5730\u94c111\u53f7\u7ebf \u4e58\u5750\u5730\u94c111\u53f7\u7ebf,\u7ecf\u8fc71\u7ad9, \u5230\u8fbe\u4f1a\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ad9\u6b65\u884c\u7ea6550\u7c73,\u5230\u8fbe\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986 \u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986 <\/p>\n

4. \u9752\u5c9b\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5e73\u9762\u56fe<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u95f45\u6708\u201410\u67089\uff1a00\u201417\u70b9\uff0c16\uff1a30\u505c\u6b62\u5165\u573a\u3002\u514d\u8d39\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u53c2\u89c2\u53c2\u89c2\u4eba\u65703000\u4eba\u3002\u982d\u689d\u840a\u578d<\/p>\n

5. \u9752\u5c9b\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u653e\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c49\u9633\u9675\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9655\u897f\u7701\u897f\u5b89\u5e02\u5317\u90ca\u7684\u6e2d\u6cb3\u4e4b\u7554\uff0c\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5b83\u4f9d\u6258\u897f\u6c49\u666f\u5e1d\u4e0e\u738b\u7687\u540e\u540c\u8314\u5f02\u7a74\u5408\u846c\u7684\u9633\u9675\u9675\u56ed\u800c\u5efa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5de7\u5999\u878d\u5408\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u56ed\u6797\u666f\u89c2\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u7684\u5927\u578b\u6587\u5316\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u6700\u5927\u7684\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u8003\u53e4\u52d8\u63a2\u53d1\u6398\uff0c\u73b0\u5df2\u63a2\u660e\uff0c\u6c49\u9633\u9675\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u5e1d\u9675\u9675\u56ed\u3001\u540e\u9675\u9675\u56ed\u3001\u5357\u533a\u4ece\u846c\u5751\u3001\u5317\u533a\u4ece\u846c\u5751\u3001\u793c\u5236\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u966a\u846c\u5893\u56ed\u3001\u5211\u5f92\u5893\u5730\u4ee5\u53ca\u9633\u9675\u9091\u7b49\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u9752\u5c9b\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6587\u7269\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u539f\u6d46\u5564\u9152\u3001\u751f\u5564\u9152\u3001\u9752\u5c9b\u5564\u9152\u9ed1\u5564\u3001IPA\u3001\u5168\u9ea6\u767d\u5564\u3001\u76ae\u5c14\u68ee\u7b49\u7279\u8272\u5564\u9152\u3002<\/p>\n

7. \u9752\u5c9b\u9057\u5740\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u626b\u63cf\u535a\u7269\u9986\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0a\u53bb\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u7ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u9700\u8981\u586b\u5199\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ece\u65b0\u7684\u9488\u5bf9\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u884c\u626b\u63cf\u4e4b\u540e\u786e\u8ba4\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

8. \u9752\u5c9b\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u56fe\u7247<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u706b\u8f66\u535a\u7269\u9986\u4e00\u697c\u4e3a\u9752\u5c9b\u5386\u53f2\u5c55\u5385\uff0c\u4e8c\u697c\u4e09\u697c\u4e3a\u74f7\u5668\u3001\u4e66\u753b\u3001\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7b49\u5c55\u5385\uff0c\u9752\u5c9b\u5386\u53f2\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u5e02\u4e00\u7ea7\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u50cf\u7701\u535a\u4e00\u6837\u5185\u6db5\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e86\u89e3\u9752\u5c9b\u5386\u53f2\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u8bdd\u8fd8\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u770b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

9. \u9752\u5c9b\u6c49\u753b\u50cf\u7816\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5802>><\/p>\n

02<\/p>\n

\u592a\u6e05\u5bab\uff08\u5c71\u4e1c\u7701\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\uff09>><\/p>\n

03<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5fb7\u56fd\u76d1\u72f1\u65e7\u5740\u535a\u7269\u9986>><\/p>\n

04<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5fb7\u56fd\u603b\u7763\u697c\u65e7\u5740\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08\u8fce\u5bbe\u9986\uff09>><\/p>\n

05<\/p>\n

\u80f6\u6fb3\u603b\u7763\u5e9c>><\/p>\n

06<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u706b\u8f66\u7ad9>><\/p>\n

07<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5e02\u5eb7\u6709\u4e3a\u6545\u5c45\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986>><\/p>\n

08<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u82b1\u77f3\u697c>><\/p>\n

09<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802>><\/p>\n

10<\/p>\n

\u6e5b\u5c71\u5bfa>><\/p>\n

11<\/p>\n

\u9752\u5c9b\u5929\u540e\u5bab>><\/p>\n

12<\/p>\n

\u516c\u4e3b\u697c>><\/p>\n

10. \u6c49\u753b\u50cf\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986<\/p>\n

\u5f90\u5dde\u5341\u5927\u8457\u540d\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6709\uff0c\u5f90\u5dde\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u6dee\u6d77\u6218\u5f79\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\uff0c\u5f90\u5dde\u6c49\u753b\u50cf\u77f3\u827a\u9986\u3002\u5f90\u5dde\u6c49\u5175\u9a6c\u4fd1\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5f90\u5dde\u5723\u65e8\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u65b0\u6c82\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701\u90b3\u5dde\u5e02\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u5f90\u5dde\u5e02\u4e5d\u91cc\u9676\u827a\u5947\u77f3\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff0c\u5f90\u5dde\u9f9f\u5c71\u6c49\u5893\u9648\u5217\u9986\u3002\u5f90\u5dde\u5e02\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u9986\u3002\u5f90\u5dde\u5e02\u4e24\u6c49\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u6709\u5f6d\u7956\u6545\u56fd\uff0c\u5218\u90a6\u6545\u91cc\uff0c\u9879\u7fbd\u6545\u90fd\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u56e0\u5176\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u540d\u80dc\u53e4\u8ff9\u548c\u6df1\u539a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5e95\u8574\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e1c\u65b9\u96c5\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n

11. \u5c71\u4e1c\u535a\u7269\u9986\u6c49\u4ee3\u753b\u50cf<\/p>\n

\u753b\u50cf\u77f3\u662f\u9057\u5b58\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u7279\u8272\u7684\u79e6\u6c49\u7f8e\u672f\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ee5\u5200\u4ee3\u7b14\uff0c\u5728\u575a\u786c\u7684\u77f3\u9762\u4e0a\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u4f17\u591a\u7cbe\u7f8e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5efa\u7b51\u6784\u4ef6\uff0c\u6784\u7b51\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u5893\u5ba4\u3001\u77f3\u9619\u7b49\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u6c49\u753b\u50cf\u77f3\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u3002\u636e\u8f7d\uff0c\u753b\u50cf\u77f3\u840c\u53d1\u4e8e\u897f\u6c49\u662d\u3001\u5ba3\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u65b0\u83bd\u65f6\u6709\u6240\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5230\u4e1c\u6c49\u65f6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5c71\u4e1c\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u3001\u9655\u897f\u3001\u56db\u5ddd\u53ca\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u98ce\u683c\u7279\u5f81<\/p>\n

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