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\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d4b\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u8ff9\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5176\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u4ece\u51e0\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u51e0\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u660e\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/h2>\n

1766\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u74e6\u7279(1736–1819)\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\uff0c\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n

1769\u5e74 \u6cd5\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53e4\u8bfa(1725–1804)\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bd5\u8f66\u65f6\u8f6c\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u7075\uff0c\u649e\u5230\u822c\u5723\u5974\u5175\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u4e0a\u7c89\u8eab\u788e\u9aa8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u673a\u52a8\u8f66\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n

1771\u5e74 \u53e4\u8bfa\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u65f6\u901f\u53ef\u8fbe9.5\u5343\u7c73\uff0c\u7275\u5f154-5\u5428\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

1794\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u65af\u5782\u7279\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u628a\u71c3\u6599\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6df7\u5408\u5236\u6210\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u4ee5\u4f9b\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

1796\u5e74 \u610f\u5927\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u4e3a\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n

1801\u5e74 \u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u52d2\u672c\u63d0\u51fa\u7164\u6c14\u673a\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

1803\u5e74 \u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7279\u5229\u7ef4\u67ef(1771-1833)\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u578b\u9ad8\u538b\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u4e58\u57508\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u9a76\u4e2d\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u901f13km\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u30021827\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u5609\u5185\u516c\u7235(1793–1873)\u5236\u9020\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u6c7d\u8f66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f86\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u53ef\u8f7d\u5ba218\u4eba\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u901f19km\u30021838\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u4ea8\u7eb3\u7279\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u70b9\u706b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6c7d\u8f66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f55\u6797\u6e25\u65af\u6700\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u8ffd\u6c42\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u56e0\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u751f\u547d\u5168\u7a0b\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8005\u53e4\u8fea\u7eb3\u592b\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u8d85\u8fc7\u4f55\u6797\u6e25\u65af\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u300a\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1935\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u5c55\u5bf9\u6210\u4eba\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ece1957\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5e74\u9274\u300b\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u7528\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u4e3a\u7ae0\u540d\uff0c\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u60ef\u7528\u7684\u201c\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u62e8\u5f26\u53e4\u94a2\u7434\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u3002\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u62e8\u5f26\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u7684\u62e8\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u6307\u6572\u51fb\u7434\u952e\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u673a\u68b0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\u3002\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u62e8\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7434\u5f26\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u8fd0\u52a8\u4f7f\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u4ea7\u751f\u7f8e\u5999\u52a8\u542c\u7684\u97f3\u8272\u3002\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53cc\u952e\u76d8\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e24\u6392\u7434\u5f26\uff0c\u5f39\u594f\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u5e26\u52a8\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u9f50\u594f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\uff0c\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5c31\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e50\u5668\u76f8\u5f53\u8f7b\u5de7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u635f\u574f\uff0c\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u88c5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f62\u72b6\u50cf\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u76d2\u5b50\u91cc\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7434\u76d2\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7cbe\u7f8e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fde\u652f\u67b6\u548c\u6a2a\u6863\u4e5f\u90fd\u505a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5e73\u7eb3\u7434\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u5355\u952e\u76d8\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\uff0c\u8bde\u751f\u4e8e15\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u5174\u76db\u4e8e\u5df4\u8d6b\u548c\u83ab\u624e\u7279\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1b\u800c\u7ef4\u5409\u90a3\u7434\u572816\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5ba4\u975e\u5e38\u76db\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u5bb6\u65e2\u4e3a\u7ef4\u5409\u90a3\u7434\u4f5c\u66f2\u4e5f\u4e3a\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u4f5c\u66f2\u3002\u65af\u5e73\u7eb3\u7434\u548c\u7ef4\u5409\u90a3\u7434\u4e24\u79cd\u7434\u7684\u952e\u76d8\u90fd\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7434\u76d6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u9e23\u7bb1\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u534e\u4e3d\uff0c\u7434\u952e\u7528\u540d\u8d35\u7684\u6728\u6750\u5236\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e8617\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u5927\u6d41\u6d3e\uff0c\u5317\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6d3e\u548c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u5b89\u7279\u536b\u666e\u7684\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6d3e\u3002\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6d3e\u6ce8\u91cd\u7ed3\u5b9e\u548c\u539a\u91cd\uff0c\u7528\u6934\u6728\u505a\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u7bb1\u575a\u786c\u7262\u56fa\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u548c\u58f0\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6d3e\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u97f3\u57df\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u516b\u5ea6\u7684\u5355\u952e\u76d8\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u79fb\u8c03\u53cc\u952e\u76d8\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u3002\u5728\u4e50\u5668\u7684\u5916\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5b\u5170\u8292\u6d3e\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u96d5\u523b\u548c\u88c5\u9970\u522b\u5177\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u8010\u4eba\u5bfb\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n

\u548c\u51fb\u5f26\u7c7b\u53e4\u94a2\u7434\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u65e2\u6d2a\u4eae\u53c8\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u4f5c\u72ec\u594f\u4e50\u5668\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5408\u594f\u4e50\u5668\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u6d1b\u514b\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u66f4\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u6559\u5802\u3001\u6b4c\u5267\u9662\u548c\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e50\u961f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n

17\u81f318\u4e16\u7eaa\u867d\u8bf4\u662f\u7fbd\u7ba1\u952e\u7434\u7684\u5168\u76db\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u624b\u6307\u89e6\u952e\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u53d8\u529b\u91cf\u548c\u97f3\u8272\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u4e0e\u4e50\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6bd4\u8f83\u95f4\u63a5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u6ee1\u8db3\u6f14\u594f\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u8868\u8fbe\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u53e4\u94a2\u7434\u65cf\u4e50\u5668\u7ec8\u4e8e\u88ab\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u94a2\u7434\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u84b8\u6c7d\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

1766\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u74e6\u7279(1736–1819)\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\uff0c\u62c9\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n

1769\u5e74 \u6cd5\u56fd\u9646\u519b\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u53e4\u8bfa(1725–1804)\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f86\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bd5\u8f66\u65f6\u8f6c\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u7075\uff0c\u649e\u5230\u822c\u5723\u5974\u5175\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5899\u58c1\u4e0a\u7c89\u8eab\u788e\u9aa8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u673a\u52a8\u8f66\u4e8b\u6545\u3002<\/p>\n

1771\u5e74 \u53e4\u8bfa\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u84b8\u6c7d\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u65f6\u901f\u53ef\u8fbe9.5\u5343\u7c73\uff0c\u7275\u5f154-5\u5428\u7684\u8d27\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

1794\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u65af\u5782\u7279\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u628a\u71c3\u6599\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u6df7\u5408\u5236\u6210\u6df7\u5408\u6c14\u4f53\u4ee5\u4f9b\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u6784\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n

1796\u5e74 \u610f\u5927\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u5c14\u5179\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u84c4\u7535\u6c60\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u4e3a\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u6298\u3002<\/p>\n

1801\u5e74 \u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u52d2\u672c\u63d0\u51fa\u7164\u6c14\u673a\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

1803\u5e74 \u6cd5\u56fd\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u7279\u5229\u7ef4\u67ef(1771-1833)\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u578b\u9ad8\u538b\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\uff0c\u53ef\u4e58\u57508\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u884c\u9a76\u4e2d\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u901f13km\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u7528\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

1827\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u5609\u5185\u516c\u7235(1793–1873)\u5236\u9020\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u6c7d\u8f66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f86\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fd0\u8425\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u516c\u5171\u6c7d\u8f66\u3002\u53ef\u8f7d\u5ba218\u4eba\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u901f19km\u3002<\/p>\n

1838\u5e74 \u82f1\u56fd\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u4ea8\u7eb3\u7279\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u70b9\u706b\u88c5\u7f6e\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u53d1\u660e\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u6c7d\u8f66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u9769\u547d\u201d\u3002\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u6c7d\u8f66\u4ece\u6b64\u6e10\u6e10\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u516c\u7ea6\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u6b63\u5f0f\u8bde\u751f\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u56fd\u9645\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u7ea6<\/p>\n

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