{"id":427064,"date":"2024-09-04T10:58:14","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T02:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/jiaotong\/427064.html"},"modified":"2024-09-05T02:33:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T18:33:24","slug":"%e7%ae%80%e8%bf%b0%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%b0%91%e7%94%a8%e8%88%aa%e7%a9%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%e7%ae%80%e8%bf%b0%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%b0%91%e7%94%a8%e8%88%aa%e7%a9%ba%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/jiaotong\/427064.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5(\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u70b9)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5(\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u7528\u822a\u7a7a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u70b9)\"<\/figure>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7b80\u8ff0\u5176\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u601d\u60f3\uff1f1.\u6982\u62ec\u6211\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b \u6211\u56fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u56fd,\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u707f\u70c2\u7684\u6587\u5316,\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u89c4\u8303,\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u79f0 <\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7b80\u8ff0\u5176\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u601d\u60f3\uff1f<\/h2>\n

1.<\/p>\n

\u6982\u62ec\u6211\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b \u6211\u56fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u56fd,\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u707f\u70c2\u7684\u6587\u5316,\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u89c4\u8303,\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u56fd,\u793c\u4eea\u4e4b\u90a6\u201d.\u8fd9\u4ece\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u5c31\u53ef\u5f97\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba.\u6574\u4e2a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u53ca\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\u5747\u662f\u4f20\u627f\u534e\u590f\u6587\u660e\u5c31\u662f\u786e\u8bc1. \u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4eea\u201d,\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5. \u201c\u793c\u201d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u89c2\u5ff5;\u201c\u4eea\u201d\u662f\u201c\u793c\u201d<\/p>\n

2.<\/p>\n

\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u516d\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u5206\u522b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48 \u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53d8\u9769\u65f6\u671f\u3001 \u793c\u4eea\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u8870\u843d\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u793c\u4eea\u65f6\u671f. \u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6e90\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u796d\u62dc,\u5982\u796d\u5929\u796d\u795e,\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8499\u6627\u548c\u65e0\u77e5 \u5bf9\u707e\u96be \u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1 \u5bf9\u5929\u7684\u656c\u754f\u548c\u6050\u60e7 \u5230\u4e86\u5974\u96b6\u793e\u4f1a \u7ecf\u6d4e\u53c8\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55 \u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u51fa\u73b0 \u6709\u6743\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4eba \u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u7edf\u6cbb\u548c\u6743\u5a01 \u9700\u8981\u548c\u5974\u96b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u5168\u7a0b\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u667a\u6167\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ece70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u91cf\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e74\u51e0\u500d\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4ece1995\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5Web\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u5e03\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u5730\u6210\u957f\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6210\u4e3aInternet\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u63e1\u597d\u4ece\u201c\u7c97\u653e\u578b\u201d\u5230\u201c\u7cbe\u51c6\u578b\u201d\u8425\u9500\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1aEC\uff08Electronic Commerce\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u9636\u6bb5\u3002EC\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u628aEC\u5217\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aInternet\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4e3b\u8981\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5168\u7a0b\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u968f\u7740SaaS\uff08Software as a Service\uff09\u8f6f\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u767b\u5f55\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u5ef6\u957f\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u4e0b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u201c\u5168\u7a0b\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u667a\u6167\u9636\u6bb5\u30022011\u5e74\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4fe1\u606f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u6108\u53d1\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8425\u9500\u6a21\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\uff0ci-Commerce\uff08individual Commerce\uff09\u987a\u52bf\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u6446\u8131\u4f20\u7edf\u9500\u552e\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u642c\u4e0a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3b\u52a8\u3001\u4e92\u52a8\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5173\u6000\u7b49\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5b9a\u662f\u4ece1840\u5e74\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u52301949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u6b62.\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u5206\u56db\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n

.\uff081\uff09\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5230\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u65f6\u671f\uff081840\u20141895\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u5f00\u59cb\u4f20\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u9636\u6bb5.\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5efa\u7b51\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u901a\u5546\u53e3\u5cb8\u79df\u501f\u533a\u5185\u5927\u6279\u5efa\u9020\u5404\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u897f\u65b9\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7816\u6728\u6df7\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u5916\u89c2\u591a\u5448\u6b27\u6d32\u53e4\u5178\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5238\u5eca\u5f0f\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u6d0b\u52a1\u6d3e\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u8d44\u672c\u5bb6\u4e3a\u521b\u529e\u65b0\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u6240\u8425\u5efa\u7684\u623f\u5c4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u7b51\u591a\u6570\u4ecd\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u6728\u6784\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u7816\u6728\u6df7\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff082\uff09\u7532\u5348\u6218\u4e89\u5230\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8\u65f6\u671f\uff081895\u20141919\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u897f\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\u5f71\u54cd\u6269\u5927\u548c\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u4f53\u7cfb\u521d\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff083\uff09\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\u671f\uff081919\u20141937\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7e41\u8363\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5316\u6c34\u5e73\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u9ad8\u697c\u5927\u53a6.\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b9e\u9645\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff084\uff09\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u7206\u53d1\u5230\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u671f\uff081937\u20141949\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u505c\u6ede\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u6297\u65e5\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u5904\u4e8e\u8427\u6761\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u9762\u8c8c\u76f8\u5f53\u5e9e\u6742\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u6240\u6307\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u4ece1840\u5e74\u9e26\u7247\u6218\u4e89\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u52301949\u5e74\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5904\u4e8e\u627f\u4e0a\u542f\u4e0b\u3001\u4e2d\u897f\u4ea4\u6c47\u3001\u65b0\u65e7\u63a5\u66ff\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u5efa\u7b51\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6025\u5267\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u5efa\u7b51\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u5916\u6765\u5efa\u7b51\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5efa\u7b51\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\uff08\u78b0\u649e\u3001\u4ea4\u53c9\u548c\u878d\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u53f2\u7684\u4e3b\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\u578b \uff1a<\/p>\n

1\uff09\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d—-\u6d0b\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\uff1a \u4ee5\u6a21\u4eff\u6216\u7167\u642c\u897f\u6d0b\u5efa\u7b51\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51 \u3002<\/p>\n

2\uff09\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3—-\u4f20\u7edf\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\uff1a \u4ee5\u6a21\u4eff\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u6216\u5bf9\u4e4b\u6539\u9020\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u3002<\/p>\n

3\uff09\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3—-\u65b0\u5f0f\u5efa\u7b51\uff1a \u6b27\u7f8e\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u5f0f\u201d\u65b0\u5efa\u7b51\u6f6e\u6d41\u51b2\u51fb\u4e0b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5efa\u7b51\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u8bed\u97f3\u77e5\u89c9\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

1.\u53d1\u97f3<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u5207\u58f0\u97f3\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u53d1\u97f3\u4f53\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u3002\u53d1\u97f3\u4f53\u632f\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6270\u52a8\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4ea7\u751f\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u58f0\u6ce2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u8a00\u8bed\u58f0\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u58f0\u97f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\uff1a\u58f0\u5e26\u632f\u52a8\u6216\u58f0\u9053\u72ed\u7a84\u90e8\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6da1\u6d41\u3002\u58f0\u97f3\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6c14\u6d41\u901a\u9053\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u9891\u8c31\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53e3\u5507\u548c\u9f3b\u8154\u65f6\u9891\u8c31\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u97f3\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u53d1\u58f0\u6e90\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u58f0\u9053\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u7a7a\u6c14\u67f1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u4f20\u9012<\/p>\n

\u58f0\u6ce2\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u9e23\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u9891\u8c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5171\u9e23\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u5b66\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u3002\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u9891\u54cd\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5373\u5404\u4e2a\u9891\u7387\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u6216\u8f93\u51fa\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6ee4\u6ce2\u5728\u8a00\u8bed\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u54bd\u5589\u3001\u53e3\u8154\u3001\u7259\u9f7f\u3001\u53e3\u5507\u3001\u9f3b\u8154\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u9053\u3002\u6b64\u58f0\u9053\u5373\u4e3a\u4e00\u5171\u9e23\u8154\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ece\u6c14\u7ba1\u6216\u58f0\u5e26\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u58f0\u6ce2\u8fdb\u884c\u6ee4\u6ce2\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u90e8\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u4f20\u5bfc\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u4eba\u7684\u8033\u6735\u91cc\uff0c\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bed\u58f0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u611f\u77e5<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u542c\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u8033\u6735\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u8a00\u8bed\u58f0\u6ce2\u65f6\uff0c\u542c\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fbf\u628a\u5185\u8033\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u81f3\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u88ab\u5927\u8111\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u97f3\u7684\u97f3\u9ad8\u3001\u97f3\u5f3a\u3001\u97f3\u957f\u3001\u97f3\u8272\u548c\u8bed\u8c03\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u542c\u8bdd\u8005\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5224\u65ad\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7406\u8bba\uff1f<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba\uff08Cognitive-developmental theory\u6216Theory of Cognitive Development\uff09\u662f\u8457\u540d\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba9\u00b7\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\u6700\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u8c13\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u81ea\u51fa\u751f\u540e\u5728\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u9762\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u80fd\u529b\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u968f\u5e74\u9f84\u589e\u957f\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7b49\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\u53ca\u591a\u4eba\u8d44\u6599\u7edf\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u91c7\u7528\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u522b\u513f\u7ae5\uff08\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u513f\uff09\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u8fde\u7eed\u3001\u7ec6\u5bc6\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u7eaa\u5f55\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8b\u7269\u5904\u7406\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e3a\u73b0\u65f6\u513f\u7ae5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u7535\u5b50\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u7535\u5b50\u652f\u4ed8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7535\u5b50\u652f\u4ed8\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u666e\u904d\u6d41\u884c\uff0c<\/p>\n

\u4e03\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u601d\u7ef4\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7406\u8bba\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a0\u20142\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5904\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u4ec5\u9760\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u9002\u5e94\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e94\u4ed8\u5916\u754c\u4e8b\u7269;\u8ba4\u77e5\u7279\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u63a2\u7d22\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u52a8\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c;\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u56fe\u5f0f;\u57289\u201412\u4e2a\u6708\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5ba2\u4f53\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a2\u20147\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5904\u4e8e\u524d\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u666e\u904d\u6301\u6709\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u7075\u8bba\u201d;\u5176\u601d\u7ef4\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u523b\u677f\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u65f6\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd0\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u6216\u7ef4\u5ea6;\u6ca1\u6709\u5b88\u6052\u7684\u6982\u5ff5;\u5728\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e09\u5c71\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e00\u5207\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a7\u201411\u5c81\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u5b88\u6052\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f62\u6210(\u5373\u5b88\u6052\u6027);\u601d\u7ef4\u8fd0\u7b97\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4;\u540c\u65f6\u601d\u7ef4\u5f00\u59cb\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u9006\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u601d\u7ef4\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81;\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5f00\u59cb\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u5219\u548c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u523b\u677f\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a11\u201416\u5c81\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd0\u7b97\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u601d\u7ef4\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u3001\u8865\u507f\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u5f52\u7eb3\u6216\u6f14\u7ece\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u7b26\u53f7\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u9690\u55bb\u548c\u76f4\u55bb\uff0c\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u62ec\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516b\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u4e00 \u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3000\u3000\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u56fe\u5f0f\uff08schema,\u5728\u4ed6\u540e\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7528scheme\u4e00\u8bcd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u5f0f\u662f\u6307\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u56fe\u5f0f\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u56fe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u548c\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u53d7\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff1a\u540c\u5316\u3001\u987a\u5316\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c \u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3000\u3000\u3000\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ece\u51fa\u751f\u5230\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u91cf\u4e0a\u7b80\u5355\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u56fe\u5f0f\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u6210\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8ba4\u77e5\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u5212\u5206\u6210\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u9636\u6bb5\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u9636\u6bb5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u98a0\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5\u5177\u6709\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u56fe\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u662f\u524d\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002<\/p>\n

\u524d\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u56fe\u5f0f\u662f\u540e\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u56fe\u5f0f\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u540e\u8005\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u3000\u30001.\u611f\u77e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u3000\u3000\u513f\u7ae5\u4ece\u51fa\u751f\u5230\u4e24\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u8fd0\u52a8\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9760\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u52a8\u4f5c\u6765\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u65f6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5ba2\u4f53\u4f5c\u51fa\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u201c\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6839\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u201d\uff08\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\uff0c1981\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7528\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd0\u6f14\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56fe\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08figurative knowledge\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5a74\u513f\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u5976\u74f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4f5c\u51fa\u542e\u5438\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fe\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u518d\u8ba4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u7406\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30002.\u524d\u8fd0\u6f14\u9636\u6bb5\u3000\u3000\u513f\u7ae5\u4ece2-7\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u524d\u8fd0\u6f14\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u4e24\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5f0f\u7684\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u8c61\u5f81\uff08\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u80fd\u51ed\u501f\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u793a\u610f\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u4e8b\u7269\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d88\u9664\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5177\u5907\u8c61\u5f81\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u8868\u8c61\u6216\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u53d7\u76f4\u89c9\u601d\u7ef4\u652f\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5f53\u4e24\u6839\u7b49\u957f\u7684\u5c0f\u6728\u68cd\u4e24\u7aef\u653e\u9f50\u65f6\u624d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u6837\u957f\uff1b\u82e5\u628a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u6839\u671d\u524d\u79fb\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u957f\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd0\u6f14\u7684\u53ef\u9006\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5b88\u6052\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30003.\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u6f14\u9636\u6bb5\u3000\u3000\u513f\u7ae5\u7ea6\u57287-12\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u6f14\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c7-8\u5c81\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e74\u9f84\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u513f\u7ae5\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8fd0\u6f14\u6027\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u8fd0\u6f14\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08operative knowledge\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f5c\u51fa\u63a8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u53ea\u8db3\u7403\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7bee\u7403\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f53\u7740\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u9762\u628a\u8db3\u7403\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6392\u7403\u4e2d\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u53ea\u8db3\u7403\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u5730\u70b9\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u53ea\u8db3\u7403\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5728\u7bee\u7403\u4e2d\u65f6\u66f4\u5927\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c31\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd0\u6f14\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u8003\u8651\u4e8b\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u6539\u53d8\u6210\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u56fe\u578b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u70b9\u4e2d\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u9759\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u8fd0\u6f14\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5df2\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u548c\u5b88\u6052\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u8fd0\u6f14\u8fd8\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u30004.\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd0\u6f14\u9636\u6bb5\u3000\u3000\u513f\u7ae5\u572812 \u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0d\u518d\u4f9d\u9760\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u7269\u6765\u8fd0\u6f14\uff0c\u800c\u80fd\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fdb\u884c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u5f62\u5f0f\u4fbf\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd0\u6f14\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd0\u6f14\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5904\u7406\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5ba2\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u5df2\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5c06\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u7528\u8fd0\u6f14\u7b26\u53f7\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u5176\u5b83\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\u5728\u6982\u62ec\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5404\u9636\u6bb5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5e74\u9f84\u867d\u56e0\u5404\u4eba\u667a\u6167\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u540c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u6362\uff08\u76ae\u4e9a\u6770\uff0c1980\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e5d\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5 \u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a \uff08\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d~\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09 \u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u9a8c\u9636\u6bb5 \u25cf\u6cf0\u52d2\u4e3b\u5f20\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5f53\u4e2d\u8981\u6709\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u666e\u904d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u4e13\u804c\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u673a\u6784\u3002 \u25cf 1924\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d1d\u5c14\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4f11\u54c8\u7279\uff08W.A.Shewhart\uff09\u9488\u5bf9\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9884\u9632\u6027\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u6570\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a7\u5236\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u201c6\u03c3\u201d\u6cd5\u3002 \u25cf 1929\u5e74\u9053\u5947(H.F.Dodge)\u548c\u7f57\u7c73\u514b(H.G.Romig)\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u6311\u9009\u578b\u62bd\u6837\u68c0\u67e5\u6cd5\u300b\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a \uff08\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3~\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09 \u7edf\u8ba1\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u6bb5 \u25cf\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u201c\u884c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u5f62\u6210 \u25cf \u6570\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406 \u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a \uff08\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3~\u81f3\u4eca\uff09 \u5168\u9762\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\u662f\u201c\u51b3\u7b56\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u897f\u8499\u4ed6\u628a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd0\u7b79\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u628a\u521b\u9020\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u60f3\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u25cf \u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u578b\u548c\u590d\u6742\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e86\uff0c\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u201d\u7b49\u8981\u6c42\u3002 \u25cf \u5728\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u201c\u65e0\u7f3a\u9677\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d23\u4efb\u201d\u7b49\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 \u25cf \u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u7528\u7535\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u83f2\u6839\u9c8d\u59c6\u535a\u58eb\u4e8e\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86TQC\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f7f\u8d28\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u6280\u672f\u3001\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u5de5\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5341\u3001\u7b80\u8ff0\u9152\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u9152\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u9152\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u7cae\u98df\u84b8\u998f\u53d1\u9175\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e59\u9187\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u996e\u54c1\u3002\u53e4\u4ee3\u6c34\u679c\u4e36\u7a3b\u7c73\u675c\u5eb7\u9020\u9152\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9152\u7c7b\uff0c\u7ea2\u9152\u5564\u9152\u767d\u9152\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7b80\u8ff0\u5176\u65f6\u671f\u548c\u4ee3\u8868\u601d\u60f3\uff1f1.\u6982\u62ec\u6211\u56fd\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b \u6211\u56fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u6587\u660e\u53e4\u56fd,\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u6765\u521b\u9020\u4e86 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":429728,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-427064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jiaotong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=427064"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":429729,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/427064\/revisions\/429729"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/429728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=427064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=427064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=427064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}