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<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
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3\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5b66\u505a\u5c0f\u5bfc\u6e38\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u526a\u526a\u8d34\u8d34\u753b\u753b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e7c\u513f\u52a8\u624b\u5236\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
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3\u3001\u5bb6\u4e61\u98ce\u5149\u4ecb\u7ecdppt\u3001\u5bb6\u4e61\u5ba3\u4f20\u753b\u4e00\u5f20<\/p>\n
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3\u3001\u6b23\u8d4f\u6b4c\u66f2\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u5b9d\u5e94\u300b<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\uff1a\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u9996\u6b4c\u66f2\u5531\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u542c\u5427!(\u5531\u7740\u6b4c\u66f2\u51fa\u6559\u5ba4)\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
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\n
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2\u3001\u8c08\u8bdd\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u5403\u8fc7\u7684\u597d\u5403\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n
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(2)\u3001\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5473\u9053\u7684?<\/p>\n
(3)\u3001\u4f60\u662f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5403\u5230\u7684?<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u201c\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u201d\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f8e\u98df\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
(1)\u3001\u51fa\u793a\u7f8e\u98df\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f60\u5403\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u5417?\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5473\u9053\u7684?<\/p>\n
(2)\u3001\u8bf7\u4e2a\u522b\u5e7c\u513f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u81ea\u5df1\u5403\u8fc7\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u3002\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n
(3)\u3001\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7f8e\u98df\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u201c\u6211\u662f\u5c0f\u5bfc\u6e38\u201d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e7c\u513f\u5de9\u56fa\u65e0\u9521\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n
\u513f\u6b4c:(\u9f50\u8bf4)\u7f8e\u4e3d\u7684\u65e0\u9521\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fdc\u65b9\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u8bf7\u4f60\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u6765\u5f53\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5bfc\u6e38\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u53bb\u5403\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5403\u4ec0\u4e48?(\u9886\u5934\u4eba)\u5e26\u4f60\u4eec\u53bb\u5403\u8089\u9762\u7b4b\u3002(\u9f50\u8bf4)\u54df\uff0c\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u771f\u4e0d\u9519!(\u5e08\u751f\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u751f\u751f\u4ea4\u6362\u505a\u9886\u5934\u4eba)<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u7f8e\u98df\u5927\u5bb6\u5c1d<\/p>\n
\u5e08:\u54c7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9521\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u771f\u591a\u5440!\u9664\u4e86\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bb6\u4e61\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u98df\u5462\uff0c\u56de\u53bb\u548c\u7238\u7238\u5988\u5988\u4e00\u8d77\u627e\u4e00\u627e\u3001\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u54c1\u5c1d\u4e00\u4e0b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u7f8e\u98df\u5427!<\/p>\n
\n
\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u6848\u7bc7\u4e09 <\/p>\n
\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u76ee\u6807:<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u8fde\u8d2f\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5ff5\u513f\u6b4c\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u5404\u5730\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u613f\u610f\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u9762\u524d\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b:<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6559\u5e08\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u5f15\u51fa\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u5e7c\u513f\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n
(1)\u51fa\u793a\u56fe\u7247\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\u56fe\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
(2)\u5e7c\u513f\u63d0\u53d6\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u4eec\u5403\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u597d\u5403\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5462?(\u9f13\u52b1\u5e7c\u513f\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u8bb2\u8ff0\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u6ce8\u610f\u503e\u542c\u540c\u4f34\u7684\u8bb2\u8ff0)<\/p>\n
(3)\u6fc0\u53d1\u5e7c\u513f\u503e\u542c\u3001\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u9996\u513f\u6b4c\u91cc\u8bf4\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u6c5f\u897f\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u542c\u4e00\u542c\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u513f\u6b4c\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u51fa\u513f\u6b4c\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
(1)\u6559\u5e08\u6717\u8bf5\u513f\u6b4c\uff0c\u5e7c\u513f\u503e\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u4f60\u4ed4\u7ec6\u542c\u4e00\u542c\u513f\u6b4c\u4e2d\u8bf4\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48?(\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u81ea\u7531\u8bb2\u8ff0\u542c\u5230\u513f\u6b4c\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u5bf9\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u5230\u7684\u513f\u6b4c\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u540d\u79f0\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u590d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e7c\u513f\u52a0\u6df1\u5370\u8c61)<\/p>\n
(2)\u6559\u5e08\u8fb9\u6717\u8bf5\u513f\u6b4c\u8fb9\u51fa\u793a\u76f8\u5e94\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6765\u542c\u542c\u8fd9\u9996\u513f\u6b4c\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u513f\u6b4c\u4e2d\u7684\u7f8e\u5473\u5c0f\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u4e00\u8d77\u770b\u7740\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e00\u8ba4\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u8ddf\u7740\u8001\u5e08\u8fb9\u770b\u56fe\u8fb9\u6717\u8bf5\u513f\u6b4c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u62d3\u5c55\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
(1)\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u8bf4\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5403\u8fc7\u513f\u6b4c\u4e2d\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u5473\u9053\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n
(2)\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd8\u77e5\u9053\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403?\u5473\u9053\u600e\u6837?<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7528\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u51fa\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u540d\u79f0\u5bf9\u513f\u6b4c\u8fdb\u884c\u4eff\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300a\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u300b\u6559\u6848\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e09\u6d3b\u52a8\u76ee\u6807:<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u80fd\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u5e7c\u513f\u70ed\u7231\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u91cd\u70b9:<\/p>\n
\u57f9\u517b\u5e7c\u513f\u70ed\u7231\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u5473\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u51c6\u5907:<\/p>\n
\u56fe\u4e66\u533a:\u5bb6\u4e61\u5c0f\u5403\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5a03\u5a03\u5bb6:\u7528\u5c0f\u5403\u62db\u5f85\u5ba2\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u624b\u5de5\u533a:\u5e7f\u544a\u7eb8\u3001\u5361\u7eb8\u3001\u6a61\u76ae\u6ce5\u3001\u7f8e\u5de5\u7528\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b:<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6d3b\u52a8\u6750\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u54ea\u91cc\u4eba\u5462?\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u8272\u5c0f\u5403?\u4f60\u5403\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403\u5417?\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f62\u72b6\u7684?\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5473\u9053\u7684?\u56fe\u4e66\u533a\u91cc\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u548c\u597d\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8d77\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u62db\u5f85\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403\u5230\u5a03\u5a03\u5bb6\u91cc\u53bb\u62db\u5f85\u4f60\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u4eec\u5427!<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8981\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8001\u5e08\u51c6\u5907\u4e86\u6a61\u76ae\u6ce5\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u628a\u5403\u8fc7\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u5427!<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u4f60\u770b\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u5305\u88c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5403\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u888b\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u626e\u5b83\u4eec\u5417?<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u9009\u62e9\u533a\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u81ea\u9009\u8fdb\u5165\u533a\u89d2\u8fdb\u884c\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6307\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u56fe\u4e66\u533a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u8bb2\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u89c2\u5bdf\u88c5\u9970\u5305\u88c5\u888b\u5b69\u5b50\u6d3b\u52a8\u60c5\u51b5\u7ed9\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5a03\u5a03\u5bb6\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u6f14\u3001\u5bf9\u8bdd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5e7c\u513f\u6574\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u6750\u6599.<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8bc4\u4ef7\u672c\u6b21\u533a\u57df\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u6848\u7bc7\u56db <\/p>\n
\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n
1.\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u540d\u80dc\u53e4\u8ff9\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u98ce\u5149\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u80fd\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u4e61\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u533a(\u6216\u4e61\u9547)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u51c6\u5907<\/p>\n
1.\u5e7c\u513f\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u6d3b\u52a8\u524d\u5171\u540c\u586b\u5199\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5e7c\u513f\u5e26\u4e00\u5f20\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u6709\u5173\u5bb6\u4e61\u98ce\u666f\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u5bfc\u6e38\u65d74\u6746\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n
1.\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u533a\u53ca\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u5408\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u8bb2\u8bb2\u201c\u6211\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u8c08\u8c08\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5c0f\u533a(\u6216\u4e61\u9547)\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u7ed3\u5408\u56fe\u7247\u548c\u89c6\u9891\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u6b23\u8d4f\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u540d\u80dc\u53e4\u8ff9\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
(1)\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u53bb\u8fc7\u5bb6\u4e61\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9?\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u73a9?<\/p>\n
(2)\u81ea\u7531\u7ed3\u4f34\u89c2\u5bdf\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u540d\u80dc\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u51fa\u90fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u56fe\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n
(3)\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u6709\u5e8f\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u63d0\u51fa\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u65b9\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\uff0c\u6559\u5e08\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406<\/p>\n
3.\u5e08\u5e7c\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u5e7c\u513f\u7231\u62a4\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf4\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u4e61\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u7684?\u4f60\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u54ea\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9?<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u7f8e\u4e3d\u5bcc\u9976\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u98ce\u666f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u597d\u542c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u548c\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u7231\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u597d\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u672c\u9886\uff0c\u957f\u5927\u4e86\u5efa\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61<\/p>\n
4.\u6e38\u620f\u2014\u2014\u5bb6\u4e61\u771f\u7f8e\uff0c\u5de9\u56fa\u5e7c\u513f\u5bf9\u5bb6\u4e61\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73a9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u5e7c\u513f\u5206\u56db\u7ec4\uff0c\u9009\u51fa\u5bfc\u6e38\u548c\u6e38\u5ba2\uff0c\u53d1\u653e\u5bfc\u6e38\u65d7;\u542c\u97f3\u4e50\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u6e38\u5e26\u9886\u6e38\u5ba2\u56db\u5904\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u6e38\u5e26\u9886\u6e38\u5ba2\u56db\u5904\u6e38\u73a9;\u5f53\u97f3\u4e50\u505c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bfc\u6e38\u4f9d\u636e\u56fe\u7247\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7ed9\u6e38\u5ba2\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u98ce\u666f\u548c\u7269\u4ea7\u3002\u5e7c\u513f\u8f6e\u6d41\u5f53\u5bfc\u6e38\u8fdb\u884c\u6e38\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u6559\u6848\u7bc7\u4e94 <\/p>\n
\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u76ee\u6807<\/p>\n
1.\u4e86\u89e3\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7ed9\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u77e5\u9053\u5bb6\u4e61\u7269\u4ea7\u5f88\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c71\u4e1c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u8c6a\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u51c6\u5907<\/p>\n
1.\u6d3b\u52a8\u524d\u5bb6\u957f\u5e26\u5e7c\u513f\u53c2\u89c2\u519c\u8d38\u5e02\u573a\u6216\u8d85\u5e02\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5e7c\u513f\u586b\u5199\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\u4e00\u4efd\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u6536\u96c6\u5b9e\u7269\u7279\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u5404\u5730\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u4e50\u9675\u5c0f\u67a3\u3001\u70df\u53f0\u82f9\u679c\u3001\u80a5\u57ce\u6843\u5b50\u3001\u83b1\u9633\u68a8\u3001\u7ae0\u4e18\u5927\u8471\u3001\u6f4d\u574a\u98ce\u7b5d\u3001\u83cf\u6cfd\u7261\u4e39\u7b49(\u89c1\u5e7c\u513f\u6d3b\u52a8\u8d44\u6e90\u5305)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/p>\n
1.\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u5e7c\u513f\u89c2\u5bdf\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u5b9e\u7269\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u5730\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u5916\u5f62\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u95ee\uff1a\u5c0f\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u5417?\u4f60\u8ba4\u8bc6\u54ea\u4e9b\u571f\u7279\u4ea7?\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u4e61\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u571f\u7279\u4ea7?\u4f60\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd?\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/p>\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6216\u7279\u522b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff1a\u5982\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1(\u6c34\u679c\u3001\u852c\u83dc)\u3001\u7eba\u7ec7\u54c1(\u8863\u670d\u3001\u5e03\u6599)\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u54c1(\u98ce\u7b5d\u3001\u6ce5\u5851\u7b49)\u3002<\/p>\n
2.\u77e5\u9053\u5c71\u4e1c\u7684\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u5f88\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
(1)\u89c2\u5bdf\u5206\u4eab\u5e7c\u513f\u7684\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u8c03\u67e5\u8868\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bf4\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u90fd\u6709\u54ea\u51e0\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
(2)\u51fa\u793a\u5404\u79cd\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5e7c\u513f\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u5c06\u7279\u4ea7\u6309\u7167\u989c\u8272\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u98df\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u7c7b\u6446\u653e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
(3)\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u8bf4\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5206\u7c7b\u6446\u653e\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\uff1a\u5206\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u6c34\u679c\u3001\u852c\u83dc\u3001\u7cae\u98df\uff0c\u6216\u5403\u7684\u3001\u7528\u7684\u3001\u73a9\u7684\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u6b23\u8d4f\u513f\u6b4c\u5938\u5bb6\u4e61\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u5404\u5730\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6d3b\u52a8\u5ef6\u4f38\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u7279\u4ea7\u81ea\u4e3b\u54c1\u5c1d\u4f1a\uff0c\u8bf7\u5e7c\u513f\u54c1\u5c1d\u3001\u6b23\u8d4f\u571f\u7279\u4ea7\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u611f\u53d7\u7279\u4ea7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\n
\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8868\u793a\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u5c45\u7136\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u82b1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u98df\u6750\u3002<\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5f00\u59cb\u5403\u82b1\u7684\uff1f\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u300c\u5403\u82b1\u4f20\u8bf4\u300d\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u4e16\u754c\u7f8e\u98df\u4e2d\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4ee5\u82b1\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u98df\u6750\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n
|\u7b54\u4e3b\uff1a\u5e86\u6653\u7b71<\/p>\n
\u8d35\u65cf\u852c\u83dc\u671d\u9c9c\u84df\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u5403\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7efd\u653e\u7684\u671d\u9c9c\u84df\u4e0d\u597d\u5403\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e73\u65f6\u5403\u7684\u662f\u5176\u82b1\u857e\u3002\u53bb\u5934\u53bb\u53f6\u67c4\uff0c\u6c34\u716e\u4e8c\u5341\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8638\u9171\u6599\u5403\u3002<\/p>\n
\u505a\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5403\u8d77\u6765\u8d39\u52b2\uff0c\u5f97\u4e00\u5c42\u4e00\u5c42\u5265\u5f00\u3002\u82b1\u74e3\u5e95\u90e8\u53ef\u5403\uff0c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u7ffc\u7ffc\u5265\u5f00\u82b1\u857e\uff0c\u53bb\u6389\u7ed2\u6bdb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u5403\u4e0a\u6700\u7cbe\u9ad3\u7684\u82b1\u5fc3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f00\u82b1\u7684\u671d\u9c9c\u84df<\/p>\n
Noma\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u66fe\u56db\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u300c\u5168\u7403\u6700\u4f73\u9910\u5385\u300d\u79f0\u53f7\u8457\u540d\u9910\u5385\uff0c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u9053\u6599\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n
Stuffes zucchini flower<\/p>\n
Zucchini flower\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5357\u74dc\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cb9\u70b8\u7684\u5357\u74dc\u82b1\u9165\u8106\u53ef\u53e3\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u5f00\u80c3\u7684\u5c0f\u5403\u3002\u5357\u74dc\u82b1\u672c\u662f\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u7f8e\u98df\uff0c\u5728\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u5c31\u4f20\u5165\u6b27\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n
1580\u5e74\uff0cVincenzo Campi\u4e00\u5e45 The Fruit Seller\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4f4d\u59d1\u5a18\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u644a\u4e2d\u6709\u5357\u74dc\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4e9a\u5e73\u5b81\u7684\u8857\u5934\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u9910\u5385\u51fa\u552e\u6cb9\u70b8\u5357\u74dc\u82b1\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5357\u74dc\u82b1\u6c64\u4e5f\u5728\u8001\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u70b8\u5357\u74dc\u82b1<\/p>\n
\u5357\u74dc\u5927\u7ea6\u6709\u516d\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u5b89\u7b2c\u65af\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u7531\u5370\u52a0\u4eba\u9a6f\u5316\uff0c\u5411\u5317\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4f20\u81f3\u5317\u7f8e\uff0c\u540e\u7531\u6b27\u6d32\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5e26\u5230\u65e7\u5927\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u559c\u6b22\u628a\u5357\u74dc\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u548c\u8c46\u7c7b\u6df7\u79cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u852c\u83dc\u548c\u8c37\u7269\u7684\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u6e05\u6de1\u800c\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u98df\u7269\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u57fa\u7840\u996e\u98df\u4e09\u59d0\u59b9\u300c three sisters\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5370\u52a0\u4eba\u9664\u4e86\u79cd\u690d\u5357\u74dc\uff0c\u8fd8\u79cd\u690d\u4e24\u79cd\u65f1\u91d1\u83b2\uff0c\u65e2\u4f5c\u98df\u7528\u4e5f\u4f5c\u836f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u98df\u7528\u82b1\u5349\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u65f1\u91d1\u83b2\u6709\u4e00\u80a1\u6d53\u70c8\u6c14\u5473\uff0c\u95fb\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u80e1\u6912\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u65f1\u91d1\u83b2\u7684\u540d\u5b57 nasturtium\u5c31\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\uff0cnasturtium\u7531 nasus\u300c\u9f3b\u5b50\u300d\u548c tortus\u300c\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u300d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u82b1\u4f1a\u8ba9\u95fb\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u9f3b\u5b50\u53d7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u56fd\u5143\u52cb\u4e4b\u4e00\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u6770\u6590\u900a\u5728\u81ea\u5bb6\u8499\u8482\u585e\u6d1b\u5e84\u56ed\u79cd\u8fc7\u65f1\u91d1\u83b2\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u98df\u7528\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5165\u83dc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u7684\u79cd\u690d\u8bb0\u5f55\u5199\u5728\u4e86\u300c Calendar of the bloom of flowers in 1782\u300d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u533a\u57df\u6027\u9910\u996e\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e3b\u5987\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u814c\u5236\u65f1\u91d1\u83b2\u7684\u83dc\u8c31\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u91c7\u6458\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\u4f46\u8fd8\u5f88\u5ae9\u7684\u6d46\u679c\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u53e3\u9505\u91cc\uff0c\u5012\u4e0a\u716e\u6cb8\u7684\u76d0\u6c34\uff0c\u653e\u4e0a\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u5929\uff1b\u7136\u540e\u628a\u6c34\u6ca5\u5e72\uff0c\u9762\u4e0a\u6dcb\u4e00\u5c42\u51c9\u918b\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u51e0\u7247\u8089\u8c46\u853b\u7c89\u548c\u9ed1\u80e1\u6912\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u6d32\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u98df\u8c31\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u82b1\u5349\u3002\u963f\u5179\u53f0\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7eb3\u74e6\u7279\u5c14\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8bcd quilitl\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u300c\u98df\u7528\u82b1\u5349\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u82b1\u795e\u4f11\u5947\u76ae\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u963f\u5179\u53f0\u514b\u7684\u82b1\u795e\u4f11\u5947\u76ae\u91cc\uff0cXochipilli\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u82b1\u738b\u5b50\u300d<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u8fd8\u98df\u7528\u4e1d\u5170\u3001\u9f99\u820c\u5170\u82b1\u3001\u6728\u69ff\u82b1\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6728\u69ff<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u4f9d\u7136\u5403\u6728\u69ff\u82b1\u3002\u5e72\u6728\u69ff\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u98df\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6ce1\u8336\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c\u7cd6\u6c34\u7b49\u3002\u6728\u69ff\u82b1\u7684\u82b1\u857e\u7cd6\u6e0d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u628a\u5976\u6cb9\u5012\u5165\u82b1\u857e\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u9053\u5f53\u5730\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5f00\u80c3\u83dc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6728\u69ff\u82b1\u5c71\u7f8a\u5976\u916a\uff0c\u914d\u9999\u8471\u3001\u9ed1\u80e1\u6912<\/p>\n
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\u85cf\u7ea2\u82b1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8c03\u6599\u4e5f\u591a\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u8001\u9955\u963f\u5e87\u4fee\u65af Apicius\u7684\u83dc\u8c31\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6ce1\u9152\u548c\u5236\u4f5c\u9171\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9910\u996e\u4e66 Kitab al-Tabikh( A Baghdad Cookery Book)\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7096\u83dc\u98df\u8c31\u90fd\u5efa\u8bae\u7528\u85cf\u7ea2\u82b1\u4e3a\u98df\u7269\u4e0a\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u7c73\u5170\u70e9\u996d risotto alla milanese<\/p>\n
\u5728\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\uff0c\u83b2\u82b1\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u795e\u5723\u610f\u5473\u7684\u690d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u523a\u5c71\u67d1<\/p>\n
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\u523a\u5c71\u67d1\u53f6<\/p>\n
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\u814c\u5236\u7684\u523a\u5c71\u67d1\u82b1\u857e<\/p>\n
\u523a\u5c71\u67d1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u82b1\u857e\u4e0e\u9762\u5305(\u6216\u571f\u8c46\u6ce5)\u548c\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u54b8\u7684\u9171\uff0c\u5176\u82b1\u857e\u814c\u6ce1\u4e8e\u918b\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u8c03\u5473\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5230\u4e86\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u72ec\u9886\u98ce\u9a9a\u7684\u9910\u996e\u6587\u5316\u975e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u83ab\u5c5e\u3002\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u6709\u707f\u70c2\u7684\u996e\u98df\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5403\u996d\u662f\u4eba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f11\u95f2\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u300a\u4e00\u5343\u96f6\u4e00\u591c\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5c1a\u98df\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\uff0c\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u64c5\u957f\u70f9\u996a\u7684\u54c8\u91cc\u53d1\u54c8\u4f26\u3002\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u98df\u7269\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u98df\u7528\u82b1\u5349\uff1a\u5206\u522b\u662f kadayit\u548c zerde\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u8d70\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u751a\u81f3\u5468\u8fb9\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u54c1\u5c1d\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6d41\u4f20\u4e86\u4e0a\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u751c\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n
Kadayif\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u5e73\u5e95\u9505\u70d9\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u751c\u54c1\uff0c\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u571f\u8033\u5176\u98ce\u5473\u751c\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u4ea7\u5730\u9ece\u51e1\u5ead\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u548c\u57c3\u53ca\u5317\u90e8\u90fd\u6709\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u83f2\u6d1b\u9762\u56e2\uff08 filo dough\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8584\u76ae\u9762\u56e2\uff0c\u5305\u6709\u575a\u679c\u9677\uff0c\u653e\u5165\u9505\u4e2d\u7528\u5c11\u91cf\u9ec4\u6cb9\u714e\uff0c\u5f85\u5916\u58f3\u9165\u8106\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u6d47\u4e0a\u73ab\u7470\u7cd6\u6d46\u3002<\/p>\n
\u571f\u8033\u5176\u98ce\u5473\u7684 kadayif<\/p>\n
Zerde\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7c73\u5e03\u4e01\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5e03\u4e01\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5236\u4f5c zerde\u4e0d\u7528\u9762\u7c89\u3001\u725b\u5976\u548c\u86cb\uff0c\u53ea\u7528\u7c73\u505a\u3002\u5e03\u4e01\u7528\u8517\u7cd6\u63d0\u4f9b\u751c\u5473\uff0c\u7528\u85cf\u7ea2\u82b1\u4e0a\u8272\u5e76\u589e\u9999\uff0c\u7528\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u6216\u8005\u6a59\u82b1\u6c34\u6216\u8005\u5929\u7afa\u8475\u6c34\u589e\u52a0\u98ce\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n
zerde<\/p>\n
\u5728\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9910\u996e\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u4f5c\u83dc\u8c31\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\u4ea6\u975e\u5e38\u6d53\u90c1\u3002\u963f\u5c24\u5e03\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u4f20\u6709\u516d\u4e03\u767e\u4efd\u4e0d\u77e5\u540d\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u98df\u8c31\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u53a8\u827a\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u5408\u9999\u6599\u53eb atraf al-tib\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9999\u6599\u5305\u542b\u6709\u85b0\u8863\u8349\u3001\u4e01\u9999\u548c\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u857e\uff0c\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u6d53\u6d53\u7684\u82b1\u9999\u3002<\/p>\n
\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9910\u996e\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u89c6\u55c5\u89c9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u5473\u89c9\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u4e00\u573a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u76db\u5bb4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u820c\u5934\u7684\u76db\u5bb4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9f3b\u5b50\u7684\u76db\u5bb4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9910\u524d\u51c6\u5907\u5bb4\u4f1a\u573a\u5730\u7684\u718f\u9999\uff0c\u5ba2\u4eba\u6c90\u6d74\u66f4\u8863\u55b7\u6d12\u9999\u6c34\u5165\u573a\uff0c\u83dc\u54c1\u6563\u53d1\u7684\u82ac\u82b3\u6c14\u606f\uff0c\u9910\u540e\u5609\u5bbe\u6d17\u624b\u6240\u7528\u9999\u6c14\u56db\u6ea2\u7684\u80a5\u7682\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\u90fd\u91cd\u89c6\u5bf9\u9999\u6c14\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u4f1a\u573a\u6bcf\u65f6\u6bcf\u523b\u90fd\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u6c81\u4eba\u5fc3\u8151\u7684\u9999\u6c14\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u5728\u6ce2\u65af\u548c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u5176\u53d1\u660e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u4eba\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u70f9\u996a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u74e3\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u9999\u5473\u548c\u53e3\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u9910\u996e\u4e66\u300c Kitab al-Tabikh\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7096\u83dc\u8981\u6d12\u4e0a\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u7684\u5236\u4f5c\u8981\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u84b8\u998f\u6280\u672f\u3002\u84b8\u998f\u636e\u8bf4\u662f\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5185\u79d1\u533b\u751f\u963f\u7ef4\u68ee\u7eb3\u6240\u53d1\u660e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u82b1\u74e3\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u534e\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u6c34\u5438\u6536\u3002<\/p>\n
\u540e\u6765\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u88ab\u5341\u5b57\u519b\u5e26\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u725b\u5976\u51bb\u751c\u70b9\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4f20\u904d\u6574\u4e2a\u6b27\u6d32\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u6731\u8389\u666e\u82f1\u6587\u53eb julep\u6e90\u81ea\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed julab\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u501f\u5165\u6ce2\u65af\u8bed\u8bcd gulab\u3002Gulab\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7531 gul\u300c\u73ab\u7470\u300d+ ab\u300c\u6c34\u300d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u4e49\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u300d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u63ba\u4e86\u7cd6\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u73ab\u7470\u6c34\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u8fd8\u7528\u84b8\u998f\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u9c9c\u82b1\u6c34\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff1a\u85cf\u7ea2\u82b1\u6c34\u3001\u6a1f\u8111\u82b1\u6c34\u3001\u6a80\u9999\u82b1\u6c34\u3001\u7518\u677e\u6c34\u3001\u6a59\u82b1\u6c34\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u73ab\u7470\u3001\u85cf\u7ea2\u82b1\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u98df\u7528\u82b1\u5349\u8fd8\u6709\u7d2b\u7f57\u5170\u3001\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u82b1\u548c\u5c71\u6942\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7d2b\u7f57\u5170\u539f\u4ea7\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u5317\u975e\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56ed\u6797\u690d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d2b\u7f57\u5170\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u80c6\uff0c\u7d2b\u7f57\u5170\u6cb9\u5bf9\u773c\u775b\u6709\u597d\u5904\u3002\u5176\u82b1\u74e3\u7ecf\u5e38\u52a0\u5728\u7ca5\u3001\u6c99\u62c9\u6216\u8005\u714e\u86cb\u4e2d\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5976\u6cb9\u83dc\u80b4\u4e0a\u8272\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u5f0f\u5976\u51bb\uff08 blanc manger\uff09\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u5e03\u4e01\u3002<\/p>\n
Blancmange\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u751c\u70b9\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u7c73\u7c89\u3001\u660e\u80f6\u3001\u7389\u7c73\u6dc0\u7c89\u6216\u89d2\u53c9\u83dc\uff08 Irish moss\uff09\u589e\u7a20\u725b\u5976\u3001\u5976\u6cb9\u548c\u7cd6\u5236\u6210\uff0c\u7528\u674f\u4ec1\u8c03\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6b27\u6d32\u6709\u98df\u7528\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u82b1\u548c\u6d46\u679c\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u7684\u6d46\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u6df1\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u6155\u65af\u3002\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u5c06\u5176\u82b1\u6735\u6cb9\u70b8\u540e\u5236\u4f5c\u9985\u997c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9999\u70b8\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u82b1\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u4f20\u7edf\u83dc\u80b4\uff0c\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8457\u540d\u5bab\u5ef7\u5bb4\u4f1a\u6267\u4e8b\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6258\u4f5b\u7f57\u00b7\u6885\u897f\u65af\u5e03\u6208\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u76db\u5bb4\uff1a\u7f8e\u98df\u4e0e\u6392\u573a\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fd9\u9053\u83dc\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cb9\u70b8\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u82b1<\/p>\n
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\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u82b1\u996e\u6599<\/p>\n
\u5c71\u6942\u53c8\u53eb\u300c\u4e94\u6708\u6811\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c71\u6942\u6709\u300c\u62a5\u6625\u300d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5c71\u6942\u82b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6c99\u62c9\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u7ca5\u3002\u67e5\u7406\u4e8c\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5176\u5fa1\u53a8\u4e8e 1390\u5e74\u7f16\u64b0\u7684 Forme of Cury\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7528\u5c71\u6942\u82b1\u5236\u4f5c spin\u00e9e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e4b\u540e 1440\u5e74\u4e00\u4efd\u533f\u540d\u9910\u996e\u624b\u7a3f Austin Manus\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u9053\u83dc\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4f9d\u7136\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u5c71\u6942\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u86cb\u7cd5\uff0c\u914d\u6599\u7528\u5230\u4e86\u73ab\u7470\u82b1\u6c34\u6216\u8005\u63a5\u9aa8\u6728\u82b1\u918b\u3002\u5728\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u7684\u987e\u95ee\uff0cGardens of William Cecil\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6770\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08John Gerard\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684 Gerard’s Herball\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u65b0\u5927\u9646\u7684\u690d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4e01\u9999\u7684\u82f1\u8bed clove\u6e90\u81ea\u8bfa\u66fc\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684 clowes de gilofre\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e2d\u62fc\u4f5c clou de girofle\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u662f\u300c\u5927\u7d2b\u7f57\u5170\u4e4b\u9489\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n
Clou\u6e90\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed clavus\u300c\u9489\u5b50\u300d\u3002\u82f1\u8bed\u4e01\u9999\u4e00\u8bcd\u4f9d\u7136\u5f97\u540d\u4e8e\u5176\u5f62\u72b6\u50cf\u9489\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e01\u9999<\/p>\n
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\u65e9\u5728\u5143\u4ee3\uff0c\u300c\u5143\u4ee3\u56db\u5927\u5bb6\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e91\u6797\u5c45\u58eb\u502a\u74d2\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u83b2\u82b1\u8336\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u300c\u8336\u4ed9\u300d\u9646\u5ef7\u707f\u5728\u5176\u300a\u7eed\u8336\u7ecf\u300b\u5377\u4e8c\u4e2d\u8f6c\u300a\u4e91\u6797\u9057\u4e8b\u300b\u4e91\uff1a<\/p>\n
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