{"id":210801,"date":"2024-06-29T09:09:51","date_gmt":"2024-06-29T01:09:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/210801.html"},"modified":"2024-06-29T09:56:52","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T01:56:52","slug":"%e9%bc%93%e5%8a%b1%e6%97%85%e6%b8%b8%e5%95%86%e5%93%81%e7%a0%94%e5%8f%91%e6%8e%aa%e6%96%bd%ef%bc%8c%e6%97%85%e6%b8%b8%e4%b8%9a%e6%8e%aa%e6%96%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/gonglue\/210801.html","title":{"rendered":"\u9f13\u52b1\u65c5\u6e38\u5546\u54c1\u7814\u53d1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u63aa\u65bd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u9f13\u52b1\u65c5\u6e38\u5546\u54c1\u7814\u53d1\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u63aa\u65bd\"<\/p>\n

1. \u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\u7f51\u7ad9\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u65e5\u524d\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5c062024\u5e74\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u5e74\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\u4ece2024\u5e74\u8d77\u63a8\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5341\u5927\u4e3e\u63aa\uff1a\u4e3e\u529e\u9996\u5c4a\u4e16\u754c\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7eff\u8272\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5efa\u8bbe\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u4e1a\u521b\u65b0\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u4e61\u6751\u65c5\u6e38\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u6276\u8d2b\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f\u6cbb\u7406\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u6587\u660e\u65c5\u6e38\u4fc3\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u63a8\u51fa\u65c5\u6e38\u4eba\u624d\u961f\u4f0d\u5efa\u8bbe\u884c\u52a8\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u653f\u5e9c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u9014\u5f84<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u7814\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u6e90\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u8425\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u968f\u65f6\u638c\u63e1\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u6e90\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u5ba2\u6e90\u7684\u6d41\u5411\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u5ba2\u6e90\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3b\u8981\u5ba2\u6e90\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u72b6\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u4fc3\u9500\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u5ba2\u6e90\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3001\u5931\u53bb\u5ba2\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5ba2\u6e90\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u672c<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u52b3\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u4e0e\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u6295\u5165\u5b8c\u6210\u540c\u6837\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6295\u5165\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u8282\u7ea6\u8d44\u91d1\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u8d22\u7269\u529b\u7684\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u8fd8\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u8425\u4e1a\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u63d0\u9ad8\u5229\u6da6\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u7b97\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u7b97\uff0c\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u501f\u52a9\u8d27\u5e01\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5e10\u3001\u7b97\u5e10\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u5360\u7528\u548c\u8017\u8d39\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u6620\u548c\u76d1\u7763\uff0c\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u7b97\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u8584\u5f31\u73af\u8282\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5730\u91c7\u53d6\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5bf9\u7b56\u548c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5f00\u6e90\u8282\u6d41\uff0c\u6316\u6398\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u56db\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u804c\u5de5\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u574f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u89c2\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u5426\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u91c7\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u63a5\u5f85\u8bbe\u65bd\u662f\u5426\u8212\u9002\u3001\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u8d28\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4fee\u517b\u4e0a\u3002\u6539\u5584\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u5c31\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u9017\u7559\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u76f8\u5e94\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u574f\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u804c\u5de5\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7d20\u8d28\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u4fee\u517b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n

\uff08\u4e94\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6539\u5584\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u521b\u9020\u826f\u597d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5207\u5b9e\u505a\u597d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4f01\u4e1a\u5404\u9879\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u80fd\u7eb3\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5316\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u5b9a\u989d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u5148\u8fdb\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5b9a\u989d\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u4e25\u5bc6\u7684\u5b9a\u989d\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u5b9a\u989d\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u8ba1\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53ca\u65f6\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5e76\u5728\u52a0\u5f3a\u8ba1\u91cf\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u56db\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u89c4\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d23\u4efb\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u5956\u60e9\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u804c\u5de5\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6539\u5584\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n

1.\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u62d3\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba3\u4f20\u548c\u4fc3\u9500\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u591a\u5904\u4e8e\u6295\u5165\u671f\u548c\u6210\u957f\u671f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u62d3\uff0c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u8a89\u5c1a\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u7b56\u662f\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba3\u4f20\u63d0\u9ad8\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff1b\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b\u91c7\u53d6\u4fc3\u9500\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff1b\u9f13\u52b1\u4e2d\u95f4\u5546\u7ecf\u9500\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u201c\u5feb\u201d\u5b57\u3001\u7a81\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u597d\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u5373\u65c5\u6e38\u5e02\u573a\u5f00\u62d3\u8981\u5feb\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u8981\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5f00\u53d1\u6709\u81ea\u5df2\u7279\u8272\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u884c\u5dee\u5f02\u6027\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u6c42\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u5546\u54c1\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\u63a2\u67e5\uff08\u5e02\u573a\u8c03\u7814\uff09\u3001\u5206\u5272\uff08\u5e02\u573a\u7ec6\u5206\uff09\u3001\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08\u4ea7\u54c1\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff09\u3001\u4f18\u5148\uff08\u4f18\u9009\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\uff09\u7b49\u6218\u75654PS\u7b56\u7565\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u9500\u552e\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u4fc3\u9500\u624b\u6bb5\u7b49\u6218\u672f4PS\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6548\u679c\u6700\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4ea7\u54c1\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6563\u5ba2\u8d2d\u4e70\u884c\u4e3a\u968f\u610f\u6027\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u53ef\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u54c1\u79cd\uff0c\u5c11\u6279\u91cf\uff0c\u5c0f\u5355\u5143\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ed3\u6784\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u7ec4\u5408\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u6311\u9009\u7684\u5145\u5206\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9f99\u5934\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u52bf\u5728\u5fc5\u884c\u3002\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u4efb\u91cd\u800c\u9053\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n

3. \u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u5168\u57df\u65c5\u6e38\u548c\u7cbe\u54c1\u65c5\u6e38\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u63aa\u65bd \u6d77\u6d0b\u6c61\u67d3<\/h2>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5e9f\u7269\u548c\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u6c61\u67d3\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u8d8b\u4e8e\u4e25\u91cd\uff0e\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5428\u7684\u6de4\u6ce5\u3001\u6c61\u6c34\u3001\u5de5\u4e1a\u5783\u573e\u548c\u5316\u5de5\u5e9f\u7269\u7b49\u76f4\u63a5\u6d41\u5165\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u6cb3\u6d41\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e5f\u5c06\u8fd1\u767e\u4ebf\u5428\u7684\u6de4\u6ce5\u548c\u5e9f\u7269\u5e26\u5165\u6cbf\u6d77\u6c34\u57df\uff0e\u6d77\u6d0b\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u6709\uff1a\u77f3\u6cb9\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u6c61\u6c34\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u5f84\u6d41\u3001\u7a7a\u6c14\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u8239\u8236\u3001\u503e\u5012\u5783\u573e\u7b49\uff0e\u5728\u6d77\u6d0b\u6c61\u67d3\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cb9\u7c7b\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u5e76\u6700\u5177\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u6cb9\u6c61\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u6781\u4e3a\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9020\u6210\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f34\u968f\u7269\u8d28\u635f\u5bb3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5982\u56e0\u6d77\u57df\u906d\u5230\u6c61\u67d3\u800c\u4f7f\u6e14\u6c11\u4e27\u5931\u751f\u8ba1\u3001\u9020\u6210\u5468\u8fb9\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u8427\u6761\u7ed9\u65c5\u9986\u996d\u5e97\u5e26\u6765\u635f\u5931\u7b49\uff0e\u6545B\u7b26\u5408\u9898\u610f\uff0e\u6545\u9009\uff1aB\uff0e <\/p>\n

5. \u4fc3\u8fdb\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u65c5\u6e38\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4f53\u529b\u4e0a\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4f11\u606f,\u6539\u5584\u5065\u5eb7\u60c5\u51b5,\u5f00\u9614\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u63a8\u52a8\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u996e\u98df\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u3001\u65c5\u9986\u4e1a\u3001\u6c11\u822a\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u516c\u8def\u3001\u90ae\u7535\u3001\u65e5\u7528\u8f7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u5de5\u827a\u7f8e\u672f\u4e1a\u3001\u56ed\u6797\u7b49\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4fc3\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u65e5\u76ca\u663e\u793a\u5b83\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u672c\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u4ece\u4e8b\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u6765\u8bbf\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u6e38\uff0c\u5f00\u62d3\u4e86\u773c\u754c\uff0c\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u5730\u7406\u3001\u6587\u53f2\u548c\u98ce\u4fd7\u6c11\u60c5\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5bf9\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u57ce\u5e02\u5c45\u6c11\u7d20\u8d28\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7d20\u517b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f18\u626c\u6c11\u65cf\u6587\u5316\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u6c11\u6587\u660e\u7d20\u8d28\u90fd\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f3a\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8bbe\u7acb\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u4e1a\u75ab\u60c5\u6276\u6301\u57fa\u91d1\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u6027\u4fdd\u9669\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u7528\u72b6\u51b5\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u8d37\u548c\u8d34\u606f\uff1b\u9f13\u52b1\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u5f00\u5c55\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u52a1\uff1b\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u4f01\u4e1a\u6b47\u4e1a\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u52a0\u5feb\u79d1\u6280\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u667a\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u7ebf\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u8bd5\u884c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u7814\u5b66\u65c5\u884c\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u65c5\u6e38\u6587\u521b\u4ea7\u54c1\u7535\u5546\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

7. \u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

1\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u89c4\u5212\u6307\u5bfc\uff1b<\/p>\n

2\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c3\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f15\u8fdb\u65b0\u5174\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6001\uff0c4\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u5174\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c5\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u53d1\u5c55\u54c1\u724c\u65c5\u6e38\u7ebf\u8def\uff0c6\u6574\u5408\u57ce\u5e02\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba3\u4f20\u9700\u6c42\uff0c7\uff0c\u52a0\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u54c1\u724c\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c8\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba3\u4f20\u4fc3\u9500\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5f15\u8fdb\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u6e90\uff0c9\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u4e61\u6751\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

8. \u4fc3\u8fdb\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u4ea4\u901a\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u5c06\u6bd4 \u4ea4\u901a\u95ed\u585e\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u66f4\u52a0\u53d1\u8fbe\u3002\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea4\u901a\u516c\u8def\u7b49\u7ea7\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\uff0c\u5404\u79cd \u4ea4\u901a\u8bbe\u65bd\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd9 \u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5b8c\u5584\u5404\u79cd\u4ea4\u901a\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ea4\u901a \u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u517c\u987e\u597d\u73af\u4fdd\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5404\u4ea4\u901a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f18 \u5316\u5404\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ea4\u901a\uff1b\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\uff1b\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u7ba1\u7406\u63aa\u65bd<\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4e5f\u6e10\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u6001\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2 \u90fd\u88ab\u5305\u88c5\u4e0a\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u5316\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eec\u89c2\u5149\u73a9\u8d4f\u3002\u5728\u7269\u8d28\u4eab\u53d7\u4e30\u88d5\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba \u90fd\u6709\u51fa\u95e8\u770b\u770b\u65b0\u9c9c\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u89c6\u91ce\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u5728\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0d\u4fbf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53bb\u65c5\u6e38\u662f \u4e00\u4ef6\u5341\u5206\u8f9b\u82e6\u7684\u4e8b<\/p>\n

9. \u53d1\u5c55\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u6392\u6c34\u53ca\u6392\u6c61\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5927\u5ba3\u4f20\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6811\u7acb\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u5efa\u7acb\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u89c4\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b8c\u5584\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u666f\u533a\u901a\u8fbe\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u9ad8\u73af\u5883\u627f\u8f7d\u529b\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5f00\u53d1\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u666f\u533a\u7279\u8272\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c\u5ef6\u957f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u94fe\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fdb\u884c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u8d2d\u7269\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

10. \u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u63aa\u65bd<\/h2>\n

\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6309\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u751f\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5f15 \u8a00<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u6d77\u514b\u5c14\u521b\u7acb\u201c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u201d\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c100\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u6709\u4e86\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u9014\u5f84\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9a\u4e49\u6765\u770b, \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6210\u5206\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u800c\u662f\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e3a\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u666e\u904d\u89c4\u5f8b\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u597d\u751f\u7269\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u666f\u89c2\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u6bd4\u5355\u7eaf\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b-\u81ea\u7136\u590d\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u751f\u7269\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u56e0\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u591a\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u5f15\u8d77\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff1b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53c8\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u7684\u751f\u6001\u8981\u7d20\u5747\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6309\u7740\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5176\u5b83\u56e0\u7d20\u4ea7\u751f\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5f53\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u8282\u80fd\u529b\u8d85\u8fc7\u5176\u9650\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64, \u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6309\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u751f\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u65e2\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u51c0\u5316\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u573a\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u662f\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4e71\u780d\u6ee5\u4f10\u548c\u7834\u574f\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5212\u5b9a\u7684\u754c\u9650\u5185\u8fde\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u5de5\u519c\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u5507\u9f7f\u76f8\u4f9d\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5efa\u8bbe\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u60e0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d2b\u7a77\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6570\u5b9e\u8df5\u8bc1\u660e\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u4f9d\u9760\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5f00\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u53d6\u5f97\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u7ed9\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5e26\u6765\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bf9\u53c2\u89c2\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u5e78\u798f\u4e0e\u4fdd\u6301\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u8fbe\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u4ea7\u53c8\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u7834\u574f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9996\u5148\u8981\u575a\u6301\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u539f\u5219\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8981\u9075\u4ece\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u73af\u5883\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/p>\n

\u6734\u7d20\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u519c\u6797\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u57281980\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u5927\u7eb2\uff08WCS\uff09\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e88\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\uff08IUCN, 1980\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u4ef6\u867d\u7136\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u628a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\u4f5c\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f6e\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u5927\u7eb2\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u5c31\u4fdd\u62a4\u8bba\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u4e8e\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8c08\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6307\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u9700\u8981\u548c\u6539\u5584\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u7c7b\u8981\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u5708\uff08\u751f\u7269\u5c45\u4f4f\u53ca\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u7403\uff09\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u4f7f\u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u613f\u671b\u3002\u5927\u7eb2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5373\uff081\uff09\u7ef4\u6301\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7ef4\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08WCED\uff09\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u5411\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff08Our Common Future\uff09\u201d\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u5e03\u4ed1\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\u201d\u62a5\u544a\uff08World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u628a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u540e\u4ee3\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5230\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6539\u5584\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u7b49\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u628a\u4eba\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5728\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff1b\uff087\uff09\u628a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u95ee\u9898\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5426\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5fc3\u613f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u4eca\u548c\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u6761\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a: \u727a\u7272\u73af\u5883\u6c42\u5f97\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4eba\u6c11\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982\u4f55\u5bfb\u6c42\u53d1\u5c55\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u628a\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u51c6\u5219\uff08ERP Environment, 1999\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5 (Di Castri\uff0c1995)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u53d1\u5c55 (Oldman, 1995)\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6 Di Castri (1998) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u591f\u786e\u5207\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u957f\u671f\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5730\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u754c\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\uff081\uff09 \u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\uff1b\uff082\uff09 \u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6de1\u6c34\u3001\u6e7f\u5730\u3001\u6f6e\u6c50\u7b49\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u975e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7269\u79cd\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u8005\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u6beb\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u53bb\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1b\uff084 \uff09\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6216\u6f14\u7ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5bf9\u7535\u3001\u706b\u8f66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u8f88\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\uff1b\uff085 \uff09\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\uff086\uff09 \u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Di Castri (1995) \u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u6905\u5b50\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u56db\u6761\u817f\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u817f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4f46\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u817f\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u77ed\u4e9b\u6216\u957f\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u817f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6076\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u5f88\u5feb\u5236\u7ea6\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u548c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u65e2\u7b80\u5355\u53c8\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u514d\u906d\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f88\u5b9e\u9645\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u6865\u6881\u548c\u516c\u8def\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u5145\u9965\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7b51\u5824\u9632\u6d2a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9650\u5236\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6240\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u884c\u5417 (Johnson, 1998)? \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u5f81,\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1,\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u6240\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5373\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u53c8\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u9645\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5265\u593a\u540e\u4ee3\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff081987\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u7269\u7406\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u7532\u5730\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e59\u5730\u91cd\u5efa, \u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u571f\u58e4\u4fb5\u8680\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u9000\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8981\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002UNCED (1992) \u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u68ee\u6797\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6797\u5730\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u548c\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u65e2\u5168\u9762\u53c8\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u7406\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u597d\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u641e\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281992\u5e746\u6708\u5df4\u897f\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u5236\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u300a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bae\u7a0b\u300b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5c06\u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u9053\u5171\u540c\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u5360\u4e16\u754c7% \u7684\u8015\u5730\u517b\u6d3b\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c22% \u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u6001\u548c\u73af\u5883\u627f\u53d7\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece1998\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u5929\u7136\u6797\u7684\u91c7\u4f10\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u884c\u5929\u7136\u6797\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u5065\u5eb7\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u524a\u5f31\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bae\u7a0b\u300b\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6218\u7565\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5373\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u504f\u5411\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5411\u5f3a\u8c03\u6539\u5584\u53d1\u5c55\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u201c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5149\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u7269\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f3a\u8c03\u88ab\u89c2\u5149\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u725b\u4e9a\u83f2(1999)\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5c06\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u63a8\u9500\uff0c\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u628a\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6839\u636e\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u4f7f\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u73af\u5883\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\uff0c \u5c0a\u91cd\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u56fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u4f9d\u636e\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u628a\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7f8e\u666f\uff0c\u9676\u51b6\u60c5\u64cd\u4e5f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u4f11\u95f2\u7684\u65f6\u5c1a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6210\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u6309\u7740Di Castri (1995) \u7684\u6905\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\u5341\u5206\u719f\u6089\u800c\u53c8\u5177\u6709\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u53cb\u8c0a\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u5404\u79cd\u4ea7\u4e1a\u72b6\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\u5bfb\u627e\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u7ecf\u8425\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u878d\u5165\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u5f00\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6797\u533a\u3001\u8349\u539f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u504f\u8fdc\u5c71\u533a\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u5f88\u591a\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u3001\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3001\u73cd\u8d35\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u7b14\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u53d1\u6325\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u3001\u7ef4\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fb9\u8fdc\u5c71\u533a\u7684\u6269\u5927\u5f00\u653e\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u975e\u6d88\u8d39\u6027\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u5e76\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u660e\u663e\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u7ecf\u8425\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5bcc\u6709\u6587\u5316\u5185\u6db5\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5149\u4e0d\u4f46\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u4e14\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u718f\u9676\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5728\u9500\u552e\u7ed9\u6e38\u5ba2\u98ce\u5149\u7f8e\u666f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e70\u5356\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u666e\u901a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ea\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5728\u9500\u552e\u5176\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5ba3\u4f20\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u987e\u5ba2\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u8ba9\u6e38\u5ba2\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6d17\u793c\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u6e38\u5ba2\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6587\u660e\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u660e\u53cc\u4e30\u6536\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u3002\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e49\u7cbe\u795e\u6587\u660e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7a81\u51fa\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u6b63\u786e\u5bf9\u5f85\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u751f\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7406\u6027\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3001\u7406\u667a\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u60c5\u64cd\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u9762\u4e34\u591a\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u500d\u53d7\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u884c\u52a8\u8d77\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5730\u7403\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff1b\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u533a\u662f\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8bfe\u5802\uff1b\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u8349\u539f\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u548c\u73ca\u745a\u7b49\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u662f\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6700\u597d\u6559\u6750\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u65bd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5524\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff1f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7231\u3001\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7231\u548c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7231\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u7231\u5fc3\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7231\u7236\u6bcd\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7231\u56fd\u7231\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6709\u58f0\u6709\u8272\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u70ed\u7231\u81ea\u7136\u611f\u60c5\u6765\u8bf4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7231\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u70ed\u7231\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f7f\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

MecNeely (1996) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u5e38\u5e38\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u751f\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u751f\u547d\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7269\u79cd\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u613f\u671b\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u5e93\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8d8b\u5411\u706d\u7edd\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u90fd\u5c06\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e8c\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u503e\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7247\u9762\u8ffd\u6c42\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u95ee\u9898\u7a81\u51fa\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u540e\u4e00\u503e\u5411\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u5730\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u524d\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ea\u662f\u6797\u533a\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff1f\u5982\u6797\u533a\u7eff\u8272\u98df\u54c1\u4e1a\uff0c\u9972\u6599\u80a5\u6599\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u793c\u54c1\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. \u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u63aa\u65bd \u636e\u56fd\u5bb6\u65c5\u6e38\u5c40\u7f51\u7ad9\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u65e5\u524d\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u5c062024\u5e74\u5b9a\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u5e74\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u65c5 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":211620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gonglue"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210801"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210801"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":211621,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210801\/revisions\/211621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/211620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.youtupa.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}