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\u6839\u636e\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u53bf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5236\u91cd\u70b9\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4e13\u9879\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u5185\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\u914d\u5957\u63d0\u51fa\u4e13\u95e8\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u57ce\u4e61\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u89c4\u5212\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6587\u7269\u7b49\u4eba\u6587\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5229\u7528\u89c4\u5212\u76f8\u8854\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u6761\u5404\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7f16\u5236\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u57ce\u4e61\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u76f8\u5173\u65c5\u6e38\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u7528\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u4f9b\u6c34\u3001\u4f9b\u7535\u3001\u73af\u4fdd\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u517c\u987e\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6587\u7269\u7b49\u4eba\u6587\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u65c5\u6e38\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u9075\u5b88\u6709\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u6001\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u6587\u7269\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u5f53\u5730\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u548c\u5730\u57df\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u519b\u4e8b\u8bbe\u65bd\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u6709\u5173\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u5e94\u5f53\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u5229\u7528\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u5404\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u672c\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u7f16\u5236\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u6267\u884c\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u548c\u53bf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u5236\u5b9a\u5e76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6301\u7eed\u5065\u5eb7\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u65c5\u6e38\u4f11\u95f2\u4f53\u7cfb\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u63a8\u52a8\u533a\u57df\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u65c5\u6e38\u7ebf\u8def\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u3001\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4f53\u80b2\u3001\u79d1\u6559\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u6276\u6301\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u5730\u533a\u3001\u9769\u547d\u8001\u533a\u3001\u8fb9\u8fdc\u5730\u533a\u548c\u8d2b\u56f0\u5730\u533a\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u6761\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u548c\u53bf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u5b89\u6392\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u65c5\u6e38\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u8c61\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u8c61\u63a8\u5e7f\u6218\u7565\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u65c5\u6e38\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7edf\u7b79\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u5bb6\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u8c61\u7684\u5883\u5916\u63a8\u5e7f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u8c61\u63a8\u5e7f\u673a\u6784\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u65c5\u6e38\u56fd\u9645\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53bf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u7edf\u7b79\u7ec4\u7ec7\u672c\u5730\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u8c61\u63a8\u5e7f\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u6761\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u65c5\u6e38\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u53bf\u7ea7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u65c5\u6e38\u516c\u5171\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u65e0\u507f\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\u3001\u7ebf\u8def\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u6c14\u8c61\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u533b\u7597\u6025\u6551\u7b49\u5fc5\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u54a8\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u8bbe\u533a\u7684\u5e02\u548c\u53bf\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u5e94\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4ea4\u901a\u67a2\u7ebd\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u96c6\u4e2d\u573a\u6240\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65c5\u6e38\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u666f\u533a\u548c\u901a\u5f80\u4e3b\u8981\u666f\u533a\u7684\u9053\u8def\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65c5\u6e38\u6307\u793a\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u6e38\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bbe\u533a\u7684\u5e02\u548c\u53bf\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u672c\u5730\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fd0\u4e13\u7ebf\u6216\u8005\u6e38\u5ba2\u4e2d\u8f6c\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u53ca\u5468\u8fb9\u65c5\u6e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u56fd\u5bb6\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u53d1\u5c55\u65c5\u6e38\u804c\u4e1a\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u65c5\u6e38\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7d20\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u8425<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u6761\u8bbe\u7acb\u65c5\u884c\u793e\uff0c\u62db\u5f95\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u63a5\u5f85\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5177\u5907\u4e0b\u5217\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u65c5\u6e38\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u4f9d\u6cd5\u529e\u7406\u5de5\u5546\u767b\u8bb0\uff1a<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u573a\u6240;<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u8bbe\u65bd;<\/p>\n

(\u4e09)\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u8d44\u672c;<\/p>\n

(\u56db)\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u5bfc\u6e38;<\/p>\n

(\u4e94)\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u884c\u653f\u6cd5\u89c4\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0b\u5217\u4e1a\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u5883\u5185\u65c5\u6e38;<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u51fa\u5883\u65c5\u6e38;<\/p>\n

(\u4e09)\u8fb9\u5883\u65c5\u6e38;<\/p>\n

(\u56db)\u5165\u5883\u65c5\u6e38;<\/p>\n

(\u4e94)\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7ecf\u8425\u524d\u6b3e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9879\u4e1a\u52a1\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ecf\u8425\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6761\u4ef6\u7531\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4e0d\u5f97\u51fa\u79df\u3001\u51fa\u501f\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ecf\u8425\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u975e\u6cd5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ecf\u8425\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ea4\u7eb3\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u548c\u57ab\u4ed8\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u9047\u6709\u5371\u9669\u65f6\u7d27\u6025\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4e3a\u62db\u5f95\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u53d1\u5e03\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u771f\u5b9e\u3001\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u865a\u5047\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u8bef\u5bfc\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u53ca\u5176\u4ece\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u63a5\u5f85\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5b89\u6392\u53c2\u89c2\u6216\u8005\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fdd\u53cd\u6211\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5fb7\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u8005\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u666f\u533a\u5f00\u653e\u5e94\u5f53\u5177\u5907\u4e0b\u5217\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u542c\u53d6\u65c5\u6e38\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u53d6\u5f97\u76f8\u5173\u8d28\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u8bbe\u65bd\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f4e\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u6807\u51c6;\u672a\u53d6\u5f97\u8d28\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5173\u8d28\u91cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u79f0\u8c13\u548c\u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u9500\u552e\u3001\u8d2d\u4e70\u5546\u54c1\u6216\u8005\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u7ed9\u4e88\u6216\u8005\u6536\u53d7\u8d3f\u8d42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u5bf9\u5176\u5728\u7ecf\u8425\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u77e5\u6089\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u4ece\u4e8b\u9053\u8def\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fd0\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u9075\u5b88\u9053\u8def\u5ba2\u8fd0\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8f66\u8f86\u663e\u8457\u4f4d\u7f6e\u660e\u793a\u9053\u8def\u65c5\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fd0\u4e13\u7528\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u5728\u8f66\u53a2\u5185\u663e\u8457\u4f4d\u7f6e\u516c\u793a\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u548c\u9a7e\u9a76\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u9053\u8def\u8fd0\u8f93\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u6784\u76d1\u7763\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u56db\u6761\u666f\u533a\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u8425\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u8005\u573a\u5730\u4ea4\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u9910\u996e\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u3001\u6e38\u89c8\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea4\u901a\u7b49\u7ecf\u8425\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed9\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u9020\u6210\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u627f\u62c5\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u63a5\u5f85\u51fa\u5165\u5883\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u8005\u6709\u8fdd\u53cd\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u5341\u516d\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u53ca\u65f6\u5411\u516c\u5b89\u673a\u5173\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u8005\u6211\u56fd\u9a7b\u5916\u673a\u6784\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u516d\u6761\u56fd\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea4\u901a\u4ee5\u53ca\u672c\u6cd5\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u65c5\u6e38\u9879\u76ee\u7b49\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u5b9e\u65bd\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u9669\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5408\u540c<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b89\u6392\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u8ba2\u7acb\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u516b\u6761\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u5e94\u5f53\u91c7\u7528\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0b\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392;<\/p>\n

(\u4e09)\u65c5\u6e38\u56e2\u6210\u56e2\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u4eba\u6570;<\/p>\n

(\u56db)\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u4f4f\u5bbf\u3001\u9910\u996e\u7b49\u65c5\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u6807\u51c6;<\/p>\n

(\u4e94)\u6e38\u89c8\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u7b49\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u65f6\u95f4;<\/p>\n

(\u516d)\u81ea\u7531\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u5b89\u6392;<\/p>\n

(\u4e03)\u65c5\u6e38\u8d39\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u4ea4\u7eb3\u7684\u671f\u9650\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f;<\/p>\n

(\u516b)\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f;<\/p>\n

(\u4e5d)\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u89c4\u5b9a\u548c\u53cc\u65b9\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8ba2\u7acb\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u524d\u6b3e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9879\u81f3\u7b2c\u516b\u9879\u6240\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u5355\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u5355\u662f\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u59d4\u6258\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4ee3\u7406\u9500\u552e\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e76\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u8ba2\u7acb\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u8f7d\u660e\u59d4\u6258\u793e\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u793e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4f9d\u7167\u672c\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u5c06\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u7684\u63a5\u5f85\u4e1a\u52a1\u59d4\u6258\u7ed9\u5730\u63a5\u793e\u5c65\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u8f7d\u660e\u5730\u63a5\u793e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u6392\u5bfc\u6e38\u4e3a\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u8f7d\u660e\u5bfc\u6e38\u670d\u52a1\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e00\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u63d0\u793a\u53c2\u52a0\u56e2\u961f\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5b9a\u6295\u4fdd\u4eba\u8eab\u610f\u5916\u4f24\u5bb3\u4fdd\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e8c\u6761\u8ba2\u7acb\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u544a\u77e5\u4e0b\u5217\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u53c2\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62;<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879;<\/p>\n

(\u4e09)\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4f9d\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u514d\u8d23\u4efb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f;<\/p>\n

(\u56db)\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7981\u5fcc\uff0c\u4f9d\u7167\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5b9c\u53c2\u52a0\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7b49;<\/p>\n

(\u4e94)\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6cd5\u89c4\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u5f53\u544a\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u5c65\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u6709\u524d\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e8b\u9879\u7684\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f53\u544a\u77e5\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e09\u6761\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u62db\u5f95\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7ec4\u56e2\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u56e0\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u56e2\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5883\u5185\u65c5\u6e38\u5e94\u5f53\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u524d\u4e03\u65e5\u901a\u77e5\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u51fa\u5883\u65c5\u6e38\u5e94\u5f53\u81f3\u5c11\u63d0\u524d\u4e09\u5341\u65e5\u901a\u77e5\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u80fd\u51fa\u56e2\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u7ecf\u5f81\u5f97\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4e66\u9762\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u59d4\u6258\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5c65\u884c\u5408\u540c\u3002\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u5bf9\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u53d7\u59d4\u6258\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5bf9\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u627f\u62c5\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u56e2\u4eba\u6570\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u9000\u8fd8\u5df2\u6536\u53d6\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d39\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u56db\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5305\u4ef7\u65c5\u6e38\u5408\u540c\u4e2d\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e49\u52a1\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\u7684\u4e0d\u5f97\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u7531\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e94\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u524d\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u6263\u9664\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f59\u6b3e\u9000\u8fd8\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u516d\u6761\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\uff1a<\/p>\n

(\u4e00)\u60a3\u6709\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7b49\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5371\u5bb3\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7684;<\/p>\n

(\u4e8c)\u643a\u5e26\u5371\u5bb3\u516c\u5171\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4ea4\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u7684;<\/p>\n

(\u4e09)\u4ece\u4e8b\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6216\u8005\u8fdd\u53cd\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u5fb7\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684;<\/p>\n

(\u56db)\u4ece\u4e8b\u4e25\u91cd\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u542c\u529d\u963b\u3001\u4e0d\u80fd\u5236\u6b62\u7684;<\/p>\n

(\u4e94)\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u524d\u6b3e\u89c4\u5b9a\u60c5\u5f62\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u56e2\u793e\u5e94\u5f53\u5728\u6263\u9664\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d39\u7528\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f59\u6b3e\u9000\u8fd8\u65c5\u6e38\u8005;\u7ed9\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u9020\u6210\u635f\u5931\u7684\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5e94\u5f53\u4f9d\u6cd5\u627f\u62c5\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u5341\u4e03\u6761\u56e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u6297\u529b\u6216\u8005\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u3001\u5c65\u884c\u8f85\u52a9\u4eba\u5df2\u5c3d\u5408\u7406\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\u4ecd\u4e0d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\u7684\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4e0b\u5217\u60c5\u5f62\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u6cd5\u89c4\u5f15\u7528<\/p>\n

\u300a \u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u6cd5 \u300b<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u81ea\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u6743\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf7\u53ca\u65f6\u8054\u7cfb\u672c\u7ad9\u5220\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u65c5\u6e38\u5f00\u53d1\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u4e66<\/h2>\n

\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u9760\u65c5\u6e38\u8d5a\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u578b\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u57ce\u5e02\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u9152\u5e97\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u7ecf\u8425\u5f97\u597d\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff01\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u90e8\u95e8\u5c31\u662f\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u5361\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u7ecf\u5e38\u5411\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u63a8\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u9152\u5e97\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u4ef7\u683c\u5e76\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7b7e\u8ba2\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u56e0\u7d20\u5360\u4e86\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\u9152\u5e97\u8981\u628a\u63e1\u597d\u548c\u5404\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e!\u91cf\u5927\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ef7\u683c\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u4f18\u60e0\u4e00\u4e9b\u54af\uff01\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5dee\u8ddd\u592a\u5927\u54af\uff01\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u9152\u5e97\u5e94\u8be5\u63a8\u51fa\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u9910\uff01\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u505a\u597d\u4e86\u7684\u8bdd\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u4fdd\u6301\u5e94\u8be5\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

3. \u65c5\u6e38\u6218\u7565\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u4e66<\/h2>\n

2024\u5e747\u67088\uff0c\u7b2c21\u5c4a\u91d1\u6e56\u8377\u82b1\u8282\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u82cf\u5317\u91d1\u6e56\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u2014\u2014\u8377\u82b1\u8282\u66a8\u4e09\u6e56\u7f8e\u98df\u8282\uff0c\u8282\u65e5\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u91d1\u6e56\u54c1\u5c1d\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u7f8e\u98df\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u91d1\u6e56\u662f\u6700\u70ed\u95f9\u7684\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u8377\u82b1\u8282\u66a8\u4e09\u6e56\u7f8e\u98df\u8282\u7684\u665a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u8857\u4e0a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u8282\u65e5\u7684\u70ed\u95f9\u6c14\u6c1b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c34\u4e61\u91d1\u6e56\u4e3a \u82cf\u5317\u7684\u6c34\u4e0a\u660e\u73e0\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u201c\u6c5f\u6e56\u8981\u585e\u82cf\u5317\u5c0f\u6c5f\u5357\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u5f53\u5730\u95f5\u6865\u7684\u4e07\u4ea9\u8377\u82b1\u5858\u7ade\u76f8\u4e89\u8273\uff0c\u56ca\u62ec\u4e16\u754c\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u8377\u770b\u5f97\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7f2d\u4e71\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u4e00\u7edd\u3002\u91d1\u6e56\u4e5f\u501f\u52bf\u4ece2001\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u8377\u82b1\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u6b64\u91d1\u6e56\u8377\u82b1\u540d\u58f0\u9e4a\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u82b1\u76db\u5f00\u4e03\u516b\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u670920\u4e07\u591a\u4eba\u7231\u83b2\u4e4b\u58eb\u6155\u540d\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u6765\u5230\u91d1\u6e56\uff0c\u8d4f\u8377\u4e66\u6000\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9080\u4e0a\u4e09\u4e94\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u4e00\u8fb9\u8d4f\u8377\u5531\u541f\u4e00\u8fb9\u54c1\u5c1d\u8106\u85d5\u5ae9\u83b2\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u590f\u65e5\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7f8e\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u65c5\u6e38\u53cc\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u4e66\u8303\u672c<\/h2>\n

\u6253\u5f00\u540c\u7a0b\u65c5\u884c\uff0c\u70b9\u51fb\u6211\u7684\u5b9e\u540d\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7136\u540e\u62e8\u6253\u5ba2\u670d\u7535\u8bdd400-777-7777.\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u5ba2\u670d\u7533\u8bf7\u6ce8\u518c\u9152\u5e97\u3002\u5ba2\u670d\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4f60\u7684\u8d44\u8d28\u76f4\u63a5\u5e2e\u4f60\u529e\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b7e\u7f72\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae—\u63d0\u4f9b\u9152\u5e97\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599—\u5ba1\u6838\u9152\u5e97\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4fe1\u606f—\u5f00\u901a\u9152\u5e97—\u5408\u4f5c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\uff08\u4e09\u8bc1\u9f50\u5168\uff1a\u8425\u4e1a\u6267\u7167\u3001\u7a0e\u52a1\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u3001\u7279\u79cd\u884c\u4e1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u5ba1\u6838\uff0c\u8bc1\u4ef6\u9f50\u5168\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u80fd\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u65c5\u6e38\u53cc\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u4e66\u6a21\u677f<\/h2>\n

\u53d1\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u6309\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u53bb\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u5229\u7528\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u7279\u70b9\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u5584\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e03\u5c40\uff0c\u5c3d\u529b\u7ef4\u62a4\u5176\u751f\u6001\u5e73\u8861\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u6548\u76ca\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5177\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u5f15 \u8a00<\/p>\n

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\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08WCED\uff09\u4e8e1987\u5e74\u5411\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff08Our Common Future\uff09\u201d\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u5e03\u4ed1\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\u201d\u62a5\u544a\uff08World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u628a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u540e\u4ee3\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5230\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6539\u5584\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u7b49\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u628a\u4eba\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5728\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff1b\uff087\uff09\u628a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u95ee\u9898\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

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3.\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u628a\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u51c6\u5219\uff08ERP Environment, 1999\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5 (Di Castri\uff0c1995)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u53d1\u5c55 (Oldman, 1995)\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6 Di Castri (1998) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u591f\u786e\u5207\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u957f\u671f\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5730\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u754c\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\uff081\uff09 \u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\uff1b\uff082\uff09 \u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6de1\u6c34\u3001\u6e7f\u5730\u3001\u6f6e\u6c50\u7b49\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u975e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7269\u79cd\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u8005\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u6beb\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u53bb\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1b\uff084 \uff09\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6216\u6f14\u7ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5bf9\u7535\u3001\u706b\u8f66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u8f88\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\uff1b\uff085 \uff09\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\uff086\uff09 \u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

Di Castri (1995) \u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u6905\u5b50\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u56db\u6761\u817f\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u817f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4f46\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u817f\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u77ed\u4e9b\u6216\u957f\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u817f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6076\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u5f88\u5feb\u5236\u7ea6\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u548c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u65e2\u7b80\u5355\u53c8\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u514d\u906d\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f88\u5b9e\u9645\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u6865\u6881\u548c\u516c\u8def\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u5145\u9965\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7b51\u5824\u9632\u6d2a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9650\u5236\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6240\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u884c\u5417 (Johnson, 1998)? \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u5f81,\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1,\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u6240\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5373\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u53c8\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u9645\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5265\u593a\u540e\u4ee3\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff081987\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u7269\u7406\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u7532\u5730\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e59\u5730\u91cd\u5efa, \u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u571f\u58e4\u4fb5\u8680\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u9000\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8981\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002UNCED (1992) \u534f\u8bae\u63d0\u51fa\u68ee\u6797\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u6797\u5730\u5e94\u8be5\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u548c\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5f15\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u65e2\u5168\u9762\u53c8\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u591f\u5408\u7406\u5730\u6307\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\u597d\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u641e\u4e0a\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281992\u5e746\u6708\u5df4\u897f\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u4e16\u754c\u9996\u8111\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f16\u5236\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u300a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bae\u7a0b\u300b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5c06\u548c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e00\u9053\u5171\u540c\u62c5\u8d1f\u8d77\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u662f\u7528\u5360\u4e16\u754c7% \u7684\u8015\u5730\u517b\u6d3b\u4e86\u5168\u4e16\u754c22% \u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u6001\u548c\u73af\u5883\u627f\u53d7\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u660e\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece1998\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\u8d77\u505c\u6b62\u5bf9\u5929\u7136\u6797\u7684\u91c7\u4f10\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u884c\u5929\u7136\u6797\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u5065\u5eb7\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u5730\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7684\u51b3\u5fc3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u524a\u5f31\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd21\u4e16\u7eaa\u8bae\u7a0b\u300b\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u575a\u6301\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6218\u7565\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u5373\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u504f\u5411\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8f6c\u5411\u5f3a\u8c03\u6539\u5584\u53d1\u5c55\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5207\u5b9e\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u4eba\u7c7b\u8d56\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n

\u201c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u9898\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u5728\u6b23\u8d4f\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7528\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u89c2\u5149\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u7269\u7684\u6e38\u89c8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f3a\u8c03\u88ab\u89c2\u5149\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u5bb3\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u73af\u5883\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u751f\u6001\u6587\u660e\u7684\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u6839\u636e\u725b\u4e9a\u83f2(1999)\u7684\u7814\u7a76, \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5c06\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u65b9\u5f0f\u6216\u65c5\u6e38\u4ea7\u54c1\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u63a8\u9500\uff0c\u5411\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u628a\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u6839\u636e\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u5f3a\u8c03\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u4f7f\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u5efa\u7acb\u826f\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u73af\u5883\u9053\u5fb7\u89c2\uff0c \u5c0a\u91cd\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u8fd9\u4e00\u540d\u8bcd\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u56fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u4fbf\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u4f9d\u636e\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u628a\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d44\u6e90\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5229\u7528\u7684\u652f\u67f1\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u7f8e\u666f\uff0c\u9676\u51b6\u60c5\u64cd\u4e5f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u4f17\u4f11\u95f2\u7684\u65f6\u5c1a\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u6210\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u6309\u7740Di Castri (1995) \u7684\u6905\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u518d\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u4fc3\u8fdb\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u65bd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u597d\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u5524\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff1f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u57f9\u517b\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7231\u3001\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7231\u548c\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7231\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u7231\u5fc3\u4ece\u4f55\u800c\u6765\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7231\u7236\u6bcd\u5e08\u957f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u7231\u56fd\u7231\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7231\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6709\u58f0\u6709\u8272\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u70ed\u7231\u81ea\u7136\u611f\u60c5\u6765\u8bf4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7231\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u70ed\u7231\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u5524\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u771f\u6b63\u4f53\u9a8c\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u7231\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f7f\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e3b\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u79ef\u6781\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

MecNeely (1996) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u8d44\u6e90\u5e38\u5e38\u906d\u5230\u7834\u574f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u5265\u593a\u4e86\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5c45\u6c11\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ecf\u8425\u6743\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5171\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u751f\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u751f\u547d\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u7269\u79cd\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u613f\u671b\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u5e93\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u8d8b\u5411\u706d\u7edd\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u90fd\u5c06\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e8c\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u503e\u5411\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7247\u9762\u8ffd\u6c42\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u6548\u76ca\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6211\u56fd\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u95ee\u9898\u7a81\u51fa\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u540e\u4e00\u503e\u5411\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u5f53\u5730\u7fa4\u4f17\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u524d\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ea\u662f\u6797\u533a\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u533a\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff1f\u5982\u6797\u533a\u7eff\u8272\u98df\u54c1\u4e1a\uff0c\u9972\u6599\u80a5\u6599\u4ea7\u4e1a\u548c\u793c\u54c1\u624b\u5de5\u827a\u54c1\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u9996\u5148\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u65c5\u6e38\u7ebf\u8def\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u4e66\u8303\u672c<\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u95ee\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b3c\u7edf\uff0c\u5f97\u5206\u60c5\u51b5\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u5ba2\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8c08\u65c5\u6e38\u884c\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e94\u662f\u4ee5\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u8eab\u4efd\u6d3d\u8c08\u6295\u8d44\u6216\u8054\u5408\u7ecf\u8425\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53c8\u6709\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u4e49\u8fd8\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\u540d\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u5165\u80a1\u505a\u80a1\u4e1c\u6216\u8fdb\u5165\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u54c1\u724c\u52a0\u76df\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7ecf\u529e\u8425\u4e1a\u90e8\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5f97\u5bf9\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u884c\u4e1a\u6709\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5408\u4f5c\u65b9\u6709\u6e05\u9192\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u770b\u51c6\u540e\u518d\u8c08\u3002\u534f\u5546\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u662f\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6cd5\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u8c08\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u975e\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7684\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u8f6c\u884c\u6216\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u8981\u9996\u5148\u505a\u597d\u5458\u5de5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u597d\u516c\u53f8\u76f8\u5173\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4e0e\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u9884\u6848\u3002\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u662f\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u4eba\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0e\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u8c08\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u88ab\u5e76\u8d2d\u6216\u52a0\u76df\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u5458\u5b89\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e1a\u52a1\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u8fd0\u8425\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u843d\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f60\u51b3\u5fc3\u4e0e\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6709\u540c\u7518\u5171\u82e6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c9\u609f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ec5\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n

7. \u65c5\u6e38\u53cc\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u534f\u8bae\u4e66\u600e\u4e48\u5199<\/h2>\n

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\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u60e0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u6e90\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e92\u60e0\u4e92\u5229\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u5c31\u4f1a\u55ef\uff0c\u5230\u6e38\u5ba2\u8fd9\u8fb9\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u673a\u7968\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u51fa\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8282\u7ea6\u6210\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5440\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5176\u5b9e\u5f52\u6839\u7ed3\u5e95\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u6c42\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u65c5\u884c\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u5927\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u4f18\u5148\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u5440\u3002\u65e2\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0a\u5ea7\u7387\u8fd8\u80fd\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4f55\u4e50\u800c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u51fa\u884c\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u51fa\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u662f\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\uff1b\u800c\u65c5\u884c\u793e\u4e3a\u4e86\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u5e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u665a\u4e0a\u6216\u8005\u662f\u51cc\u6668\u6e05\u6668\u8fd9\u6837\u5b50\u3002\u5f80\u5f80\u9009\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5ba2\u6d41\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u90a3\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u529b\u5ea6\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5440\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u70b9\u5427\uff0c\u4f9b\u6c42\u5173\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

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