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Common Future\uff09\u201d\u53c8\u79f0\u201c\u5e03\u4ed1\u7279\u5170\u5fb7\u201d\u62a5\u544a\uff08World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u628a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u8d2f\u7a7f\u59cb\u7ec8\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6ee1\u8db3\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u635f\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u540e\u4ee3\u6ee1\u8db3\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u5230\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u6539\u5584\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5730\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u7cae\u98df\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4f4f\u623f\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u7b49\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u628a\u4eba\u53e3\u9650\u5236\u5728\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\uff1b\uff085\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u8d44\u6e90\u57fa\u7840\uff1b\uff086\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff1b\uff087\uff09\u628a\u73af\u5883\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u95ee\u9898\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5426\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u89e3\u51b3\u8d2b\u56f0\u95ee\u9898\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u589e\u957f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fd8\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cae\u98df\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5168\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u5fc3\u613f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6a21\u5f0f\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u9002\u5e94\u5f53\u4eca\u548c\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e00\u6761\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u534f\u8c03\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a: \u727a\u7272\u73af\u5883\u6c42\u5f97\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fc7\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4eba\u6c11\u8d22\u5bcc\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982\u4f55\u5bfb\u6c42\u53d1\u5c55\u9014\u5f84\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3.\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u54cd\u5e94\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u628a\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u51c6\u5219\uff08ERP Environment, 1999\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u66f4\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5 (Di Castri\uff0c1995)\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u53d1\u5c55 (Oldman, 1995)\u3002\u672c\u6587\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u505a\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u6cd5\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6 Di Castri (1998) \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u591f\u786e\u5207\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u957f\u671f\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u5730\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u793e\u4f1a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u754c\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u73af\u5883\u4e13\u5bb6\u3001\u5546\u4eba\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8fdb\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\uff081\uff09 \u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u53bb\u8861\u91cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u8981\u7d20\uff1b\uff082\uff09 \u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e8b\u5148\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6de1\u6c34\u3001\u6e7f\u5730\u3001\u6f6e\u6c50\u7b49\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u975e\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u7269\u79cd\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u8005\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u6beb\u65e0\u53d8\u5316\u5730\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u4e0d\u53bb\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u53d7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff1b\uff084 \uff09\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6216\u6f14\u7ece\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5bf9\u7535\u3001\u706b\u8f66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u8f88\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6765\u6240\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u7684\uff1b\uff085 \uff09\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5355\u4f4d\uff1b\uff086\uff09 \u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u3001\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Di Castri (1995) \u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u201c\u6905\u5b50\u201d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89c4\u8303\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u6905\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u56db\u6761\u817f\u957f\u5ea6\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56db\u6761\u817f\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u90fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ec\u7acb\u4f46\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u6761\u817f\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u77ed\u4e9b\u6216\u957f\u4e9b\uff0c\u5c31\u5750\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u817f\u5206\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u6216\u5c06\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e5f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u5c45\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4e0b\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u3002\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u4f46\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6076\u5316\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u5f88\u5feb\u5236\u7ea6\u5176\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4ece\u5168\u7403\u770b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\u548c\u5bfc\u81f4\u73af\u5883\u6076\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5730\u533a\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u6216\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6982\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u8bc4\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u96be\u514d\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u81ea\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u7247\u9762\u5f3a\u8c03\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u89c6\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u65e2\u7b80\u5355\u53c8\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u843d\u514d\u906d\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53c8\u4e0d\u5f88\u5b9e\u9645\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7834\u574f\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u9020\u6865\u6881\u548c\u516c\u8def\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u5145\u9965\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7b51\u5824\u9632\u6d2a\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9650\u5236\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6240\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u6295\u8d44\u5f00\u53d1\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u884c\u5417 (Johnson, 1998)? \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a,\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7279\u5f81,\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1,\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u7b49\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u660e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u591f\u4f53\u73b0\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u6240\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5373\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u73af\u5883\u53c8\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u9645\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5f53\u4ee3\u4eba\u5265\u593a\u540e\u4ee3\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002 \u4e16\u754c\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff081987\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u5f15\u8d77\u7269\u7406\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6c38\u8fdc\u4fdd\u6301\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u7532\u5730\u7684\u68ee\u6797\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e59\u5730\u91cd\u5efa, \u4f46\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u571f\u58e4\u4fb5\u8680\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u9000\u5316\u7b49\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u7528\u8981\u5728\u73af\u5883\u5bb9\u7eb3\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002UNCED (1992) 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Castri (1995) 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(1996) 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\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u4e34\u751f\u5b58\u73af\u5883\u5371\u673a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u73af\u4fdd\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u7eff\u8272\u8fd0\u52a8\u53ca\u7eff\u8272\u6d88\u8d39\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eff\u8272\u65c5\u6e38\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u4e00\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4fbf\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5f15\u8d77\u5de8\u5927\u53cd\u54cd\uff0c\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\u5230\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u6db5\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5145\u5b9e\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u65ad\u6076\u5316\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4ece\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u8981\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u56de\u5f52\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\uff1b\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u5728\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u4ece\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u8981\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e8c\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\u548c\u201c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u65c5\u6e38\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6839\u636e\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5404\u5177\u7279\u8272\u7684\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3. \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\n<p>\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u533a\u57df\u6216\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u533a\u57df\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u662f\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u77e5\u8bc6\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u533a\u57df\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u533a\u57df\u65c5\u6e38\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u5f53\u5730\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u4f7f\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u53d7\u76ca\u3001\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4f7f\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53d7\u5916\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6ecb\u539f\u5473\u3002\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u603b\u5171\u67099\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u7136\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>5\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>6\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u54c1\u4f4d\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>7\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>8\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u89c2\u8d4f\u6027\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>9\u3001 \u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u5177\u6709\u666e\u53ca\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>4. 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\u8bba\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e0e\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55<\/h2>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u58ee\u5927\u89c4\u6a21<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u624d\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5229\u7528\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u52a0\u5feb\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u575a\u6301\u4fdd\u62a4\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5229\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u8d70\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u56db\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u7efc\u5408\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8bf4\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u751f\u6001\u65c5\u6e38\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>6. 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Ecotourism 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