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*** 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897f\u4e61\u5b50\u5348\u5c71\u5317\u7ebf\uff1a\u77f3\u95e8\u6c34\u5e93\u3001\u8912\u6cb3\u6808\u9053\u3001\u5f20\u826f\u5e99\uff0c\u7d2b\u67cf\u5c71\u5357\u7ebf\uff1a\u5357\u6e56\uff0c\u5c0f\u5357\u6d77\uff0c\u9ece\u5e73\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u5e02\u5185\uff1a\u62dc\u5c06\u575b\uff0c\u53e4\u6c49\u53f0\uff0c\u4e07\u5bff\u5bfa<\/p>\n

\u6c49\u4e2d\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9<\/h2>\n

\u6c49\u4e2d\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u77f3\u95e8\u6808\u9053<\/p>\n

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2\u3001\u6b66\u4faf\u7960<\/p>\n

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3\u3001\u53e4\u6c49\u53f0<\/p>\n

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4\u3001\u62dc\u5c06\u575b<\/p>\n

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5\u3001\u5f20\u9a9e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986<\/p>\n

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1\u3001\u5f20\u9a9e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5019\u770b\u300a\u5f20\u9a9e\u51fa\u4f7f\u897f\u57df\u300b\u7684\u8fde\u73af\u753b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5d07\u62dc\u5f97\u4e94\u4f53\u6295\u5730\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e1d\u7ef8\u4e4b\u8def\u7684\u5f00\u62d3\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u6d77\u5916\u5f15\u8fdb\u7684\u6c57\u8840\u5b9d\u9a6c\u3001\u82dc\u84ff\u3001\u8461\u8404\u3001\u77f3\u69b4\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u5f20\u9a9e\u4e4b\u4e8e\u7b14\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u96c4\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u9a9e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u81ea *** \uff09<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5357\u6c99\u6e56\u666f\u533a \u5357\u6c99\u6e56\u666f\u533a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7d\u9759\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u662f\u65e9\u5e74\u95f4\u4fee\u5efa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c34\u5e93\u3002\u5468\u8fb9\u519c\u7530\u73af\u7ed5\uff0c\u6625\u5929\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6cb9\u83dc\u82b1\u5f00\uff0c\u9ea6\u82d7\u8301\u58ee\uff0c\u9ec4\u9ec4\u7eff\u7eff\uff0c\u5f88\u662f\u559c\u5e86\uff1b\u6e56\u6c34\u6f84\u78a7\uff0c\u84dd\u5929\u5982\u6d17\uff0c\u82b1\u7ea2\u67f3\u7eff\uff0c\u6cdb\u821f\u6e38\u89c8\uff0c\u5fc3\u65f7\u795e\u6021\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u6d1e\u9633\u5bab \u6d1e\u9633\u5bab\u662f\u9655\u5357\u6700\u60a0\u4e45\u7684\u9053\u6559\u80dc\u5730\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u59cb\u5efa\u4e8e\u5317\u9b4f\u524d\uff0c\u4e8e\u660e\u82f1\u5b97\u5929\u987a\u5143\u5e74\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u662f\u5f20\u4e09\u4e30\u4fee\u884c\u7684\u6240\u5728\u5730\u3002\u5934\u6795\u79e6\u5cad\u91cd\u91cd\u5c71\u5ce6\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u7075\u5d16\u3001\u53e4\u89c2\uff0c\u98ce\u666f\u5982\u753b\uff0c\u666f\u81f4\u72ec\u7279\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u67d1\u6a58\u89c2\u5149\u4e4b\u4e00\u56ed\u57ce\u56fa\u4e07\u4ea9\u6854\u56ed\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u6c34\u5229\u4e0e\u90fd\u6c5f\u5830\u9f50\u540d\u7684\u704c\u6e89\u5de5\u7a0b\u9057\u4ea7\u4e94\u95e8\u5830\u548c\u6768\u7530\u5830\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ea7\u6c34\u5229\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u5357\u6c99\u6e56\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u6297\u6218\u4e09\u5927\u575d\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u57ce\u56fa\u53e4\u8def\u575d\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u6c49\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd *** \u515a\u5458\u5218\u79c9\u5747\u65e7\u5c45\u4e0a\u5143\u89c2\u53e4\u9547\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u5b9d\u5c71\u7a91\u9057\u5740\uff1b<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u8ff9\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u6253\u9020\u7684 \u65c5\u6e38 \u6587\u5316\u54c1\u724c\u548c \u65c5\u6e38 \u7b26\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u70b9\u504f\u6fc0\uff1f <\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u6709\u548c\u6211\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6e38\u8fc7\u5f88\u591a\u5927\u5927\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u666f\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u53bb\u4e4b\u524d\u6000\u7740\u6fc0\u52a8\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u5fc3\u60c5\uff0c\u6e38\u73a9\u8fc7\u540e\u96be\u514d\u5410\u69fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u7167\u5dee\u5f02\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u554a\uff01\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6765\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9 \u65c5\u6e38 \u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u6765\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u66f4\u540e\u6094\uff0c\u80a0\u5b50\u90fd\u6094\u9752\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u60a8\u8bf4\u7684\u5357\u6c99\u6cb3\u666f\u533a\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u53bb\u8fc7\uff0c\u666f\u533a\u7684\u914d\u5957\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e5f\u9010\u65e5\u7684\u5728\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u611f\u89c9\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u6709\u5c71\u6709\u6c34\uff0c\u95e8\u7968\u8fd8\u5f88\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u6e38\u8d70\u4e8e\u5c71\u6c34\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5fc3\u60c5\u662f\u683c\u5916\u7684\u8212\u670d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51fa\u53bb \u65c5\u6e38 \u65e0\u975e\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a1:\u53bb\u7e41\u534e\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u901b\u8857\u3001\u8d2d\u7269\u3001\u4eab\u53d7 \u7f8e\u98df \u5e26\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6109\u60a6\u611f\uff1b2:\u538c\u5026\u4e86\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u55a7\u56a3\u548c\u6d6e\u8e81\uff0c\u60f3\u53bb\u4e00\u5904\u6709\u5c71\u6709\u6c34\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6e05\u9759\u6e05\u9759\uff0c\u987a\u5e26\u7740\u611f\u53d7\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u98ce\u60c5\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u54c1\u5c1d\u4e00\u4e0b\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7279\u8272\u5c0f\u5403\u3002\u5357\u6c99\u6cb3\u666f\u533a\u6e38\u73a9\u7684\u66f4\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u6625\u5b63\u548c\u590f\u5b63\uff0c\u516d\u6708\u4efd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6cb9\u83dc\u82b1\u6b63\u503c\u82b1\u5b63\uff0c\u6e38\u8d70\u4e8e\u666f\u533a\uff0c\u91d1\u8272\u7684\u82b1\u6d77\u548c\u82b1\u9999\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6797\u95f4\u5c0f\u9e1f\u7684\u6e05\u8106\u53eb\u58f0\uff0c\u4eff\u4f5b\u7f6e\u8eab\u4e8e\u4eba\u95f4\u4ed9\u5883\uff0c\u8212\u670d\u6781\u4e86\uff01\u590f\u5b63\u7684\u5357\u6c99\u6cb3\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u907f\u6691\u80dc\u5730\uff0c\u9635\u9635\u51c9\u723d\u7684\u5c71\u98ce\u5439\u8fc7\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u7531\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u6253\u4e2a\u54c6\u55e6\uff0c\u5212\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8239\u98d8\u8361\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u70e6\u607c\u90fd\u70df\u6d88\u4e91\u6563\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u57ce\u56fa\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u666f\u70b9\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u4e0d\u4e00\u4e00\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\uff0c\u666f\u70b9\u7684\u597d\u4e0e\u4e0d\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u770b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\uff0c\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u53bb\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5fc3\u6001\u597d\u4e86\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u662f\u98ce\u548c\u65e5\u4e3d\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u4e4c\u4e91\u5bc6\u5e03\uff0c\u770b\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u90a3\u4e48\u7684\u4e0d\u5165\u6cd5\u773c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u666f\u70b9\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u53bb\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6c11\u98ce\u6df3\u6734\uff0c\u70ed\u60c5\u597d\u5ba2\u7684\u57ce\u56fa\u4eba\u6c11\u6b22\u8fce\u56db\u65b9\u670b\u53cb\u524d\u6765\u53c2\u89c2\uff0c\u6e38\u89c8\u3002\u54e6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e86\uff0c\u518d\u6709\u4e2a\u628a\u6708\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u57ce\u56fa\u5347\u4ed9\u6751\u6a58\u5b50\u5373\u5c06\u6210\u719f\u4e86\uff0c\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u8fc7\u6765\u54c1\u5c1d\u54c1\u5c1d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u670b\u53cb\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u54e6\uff01<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u8fd8\u7528\u95ee\u5417\uff1f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u5dee\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5bb0\u4eba\uff0c\u8c01\u8fd8<\/p>\n

\u57ce\u56fa\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u73a9\u7684\u666f\u70b9 \u57ce\u56fa\u7684\u666f\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h2>\n

1\u3001\u56fa\u53bf\u56de\u9f99\u5bfa<\/p>\n

\u56de\u9f99\u5bfa\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e8e\u57ce\u56fa\u53bf\u8463\u5bb6\u8425\u9547\u80e5\u5bb6\u8425\u6751\u5357\u6c99\u6cb3\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u5185\u7684\u5bfa\uff0c\u4f20\u65e7\u65f6\u4e3a\u738b\u7237\u884c\u5bab\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u4e94\u5341\u4e5d\u5e74(1794)\u584c\u6bc1\u3002\u5149\u7eea\u56db\u5e74(1878)\u5728\u539f\u5740\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u56de\u9f99\u5bfa\uff0c\u53c8\u79f0\u5317\u82d1\u3002\u5ea7\u5317\u9762\u5357\uff0c\u4f9d\u5c71\u5f0f\u9010\u7ea7\u800c\u5efa\u3002\u4e2d\u8f74\u7ebf\u81ea\u5357\u5411\u5317\u4f9d\u6b21\u4e3a\u5927\u95e8\u3001\u8fc7\u6bbf\u548c\u6b63\u6bbf\uff0c\u4e24\u4fa7\u6709\u5de6\u53f3\u53a2\u623f\uff0c\u603b\u5efa\u7b51\u9762\u79ef\u7ea6380\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u6b63\u6bbf\u60ac\u5c71\u9876\uff0c\u8986\u7070\u9676\u677f\u74e6\uff0c\u6a90\u4e0b\u7f6e\u6597\u62f1\uff0c\u989d\u678b\u65bd\u5f69\u753b\uff0c\u6bbf\u524d\u8bbe\u4e09\u7ea7\u8e0f\u8dfa\uff0c\u6bbf\u5185\u6709\u94dc\u4f5b\u50cf2\u5c0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3a\u6587\u6b8a\u9ad81.2\u7c73\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e3a\u5f25\u52d2\u9ad80.75\u7c73\uff0c\u5bfa\u5185\u5b58\u9053\u5149\u5341\u4e94\u5e74(1835)\u4fee\u8def\u7891\u4e00\u901a\u3001\u6e05\u4ee3\u94c1\u949f\u4e00\u53e3\u30022011\u5e74\u5929\u771f\u9662\u88ab\u57ce\u56fa\u53bf\u4eba\u6c11 *** \u516c\u5e03\u4e3a\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5357\u6c99\u6e56\u98ce\u666f\u533a<\/p>\n

\u5357\u6c99\u6e56\u98ce\u666f\u533a\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9655\u897f\u7701\u6c49\u4e2d\u5e02\u57ce\u56fa\u53bf\uff0c\u662f\u6c34\u5229\u90e82007\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u6279\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c34\u5229\u98ce\u666f\u533a\u3002\u5df4\u5c71\u5317\u9e93\u6d45\u5c71\u8c37\u53e3\uff0c\u8ddd\u6c49\u4e2d\u5e0217\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u57ce\u56fa\u53bf\u57ce15\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u5730\u5904\u6c49\u4e2d\u65c5\u6e38 *** \u4e2d\u5fc3\u533a\u3002\u6d77\u62d4\u66f4\u9ad8814\u7c73\uff0c\u66f4\u4f4e470.8\u7c73\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9ad8\u7ea6640\u7c73\u3002\u5357\u6c99\u6e56\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b63\u8282\u6027\u7684\u6de1\u6c34\u6e56\u6cca\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u84c4\u6d2a\u3001\u8c03\u6d2a\u3001\u8fd0\u8f93\u3001\u517b\u6b96\u3001\u704c\u6e89\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u7b49\u591a\u9879\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u9655\u897f\u56fd\u571f\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5e72\u6cb3\u4e0a\u6e38\u6d41\u57df\u591a\u773c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5730\u4e0b\u6697\u6cb3\u548c\u6eb6\u6d1e\u3001\u6eb6\u6c9f\u3001\u77f3\u7259\u7b49\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u5f62\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u9664\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u53d8\u8d28\u5ca9\u3001\u5ca9\u6d46\u5ca9\u3001\u7ea2\u8272\u7802\u783e\u5ca9\u5916\uff0c\u591a\u7531\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u3001\u53d8\u8d28\u82b1\u5c97\u5ca9\u3001\u7802\u53ca\u783e\u77f3\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6545\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u533a\u5185\u7684\u7fa4\u5c71\u8fde\u7ef5\u3001\u5c71\u79c0\u6c34\u7f8e\u7684\u6cb3\u6e56\u5730\u8c8c\u666f\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u5f20\u9a9e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986<\/p>\n

\u5f20\u9a9e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u4f4d\u4e8e\u9655\u897f\u7701\u57ce\u56fa\u53bf\u535a\u671b\u9547\u9976\u5bb6\u8425\u6751\uff0c\u5728\u5f20\u9a9e\u5893\u56ed\u533a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u4e8e1983\u5e745\u6708\u5efa\u6210.\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef24\u4ea9.\u9648\u5217\u9762\u79ef7130\u5e73\u65b9\u7c73\u3002\u96b6\u5c5e\u57ce\u56fa\u53bf\u65c5\u6e38\u6587\u7269\u5c40\u3002\u5f20\u9a9e\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u5c5e\u9655\u897f\u7701\u4eba\u6c11 *** 1956\u5e74\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u9996\u6279\u7701\u7ea7\u91cd\u70b9\u6587\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u5355\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u67d1\u6854\u751f\u6001\u89c2\u5149\u4e4b\u4e00\u56ed\u2014\u2014\u6854\u56ed<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u5bb6AAA\u7ea7\u65c5\u6e38\u666f\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u5317\u7f18\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u67d1\u6854\u751f\u4ea7\u57fa\u5730\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u65c5\u6e38\u793a\u8303\u70b9\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8ddd\u53bf\u57ce17\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u6854\u56ed\u9547\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4eba\u5f97\u9053\uff0c\u9e21\u72ac\u5347\u5929\u201d\u795e\u5947\u5178\u6545\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u3002\u666f\u533a\u4ee5\u5dcd\u5dcd\u79e6\u5cad\u4e3a\u4f53\u3001\u4e07\u9877\u6854\u56ed\u4e3a\u88d9\u3001\u5347\u4ed9\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u9b42\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u6e51\u6c34\u6d41\u592a\u6781\u3001\u7fa4\u5c71\u5448\u4e94\u884c\u4e4b\u52bf\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u67d1\u6854\u751f\u6001\u89c2\u5149\u4e4b\u4e00\u56ed\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u3001\u5f20\u9a9e\u5893<\/p>\n

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